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Chp. 12 bio

gene expression

QuestionAnswer
Transcription this is the conversion of dna into an RNA
Translation the RNA intermediate then transmits its information protein.
Dna contains genes. genotype of individual
genes contain instruction to make proteins.
proteins produce the phenotype
Transcription detailed A piece of DNA containing a gene is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is called transcription because it creates an exact copy, from one nucleic acid to another nucleic acid.
Translation detailed the information in the messenger RNA is used to create a protein. This process is called translation because information is translated from one “language” (RNA) to another (protein), but the meaning remains the same.
Dna language: words 3 letters long. triplet code
Codon is a set of three bases that specifies a particular amino acid. Codons are read from the messenger RNA.
total of amino acids 20
totoal of codons 64
genetic code is redundant. there is more than one codon for most amino acids
stop codons # 3
transcription takes place in the nucleus
transcription begins at a start site called promoter
RNA polymerase reads the DNA strand and supplies complementary bases, with uracil in place of thymine. U replaces T
Terminator signals the end the gene.
In eukaryotic cells, the messenger RNA is _ before it leaves the nucleus. modified
coding regions are called exons
noncoding regions are called introns
cap and tail are added to protect the RNA from degradative enzymes.
amino acids rely on _ to math the right amino with the right codon tRNA - transfer RNA
Anticodon recognizes a codon on the mRNA by using the base-pairing rules.
translation continues until a _ codon is reached stop
translation will produce protein from the ribosome.
Created by: 1574238891
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