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Chp. 11

Nucleic acid structure, DNA Replication and Chromosome structure

QuestionAnswer
DNA replication(synthesis) takes place in s phase (interphase)
DNA carrier of genetic info. 4 bases (A,T,G,C)
Bacteriophages a type of virus that infects bacteria. used for Martha chase and alfred hershey experiments.
Hypothesis 1 Protein contains gentic info. sulfur, protein coat. conclusion. phages did not inject protein into to bacteria. fail
hypothesis 2 dna contains genetic material. phosphorus. bacteria was radioactive while phages were not. conclusion dna does contain genetic code.
Dna is made of NUCLEOTIDES -deoxyribose sugar -phosphate group -1of4 nitrogenous bases. adenine, thymine, uracil,cytosine,guanine
sugar-phosphate backbone the DNA molecule is a polymer that contains a sugar-phosphate backbone. Covalent bonds join the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate group of the next.
pyrimidines they contains single ring. (nitrogenous bases have different shapes and sizes) *thymine and Cytosine.
Purines The contain two rings. larger.
Helix dna is shaped this war or appears this way
Adenines is always equal to thymine
Cytosines is always equal to guanines
DNA structure double stranded molecule double helix sugar phosphate backbones are on the outside hydrogen bonds hold to strands bases pair the same.
In DNA Replication one strand is used as a template to make a complementary strand.
cells must replicate their DNA before they divide
Dna replication depends on specific base pairing
steps of dna replication Dna unwinds, two strands seperate - enzyme DNA polymerase reads the bases on one stands ands complementary nucleotides to new strand. -dna ligase seals the nucleotides into a single strand -if mistake is made, it will be tried to be fixed by upper two
dna mistake means Dna polymerase and dna ligase try to fix it. if not it will self-destruct or become cancerous
DNA polymerases also proofread the nucleotide against its template as soon as it is added to the growing polynucleotide chain
special repair enzymes fix the incorrect nucleotide if dna polymerases misses the errors.
The _ of chromosomes cannot be replicated by DNA polymerases ends
Telomeres protect loss of genetic info at the ends of chromosomes. TTAGGG
telomerase fountain of youth. enzyme.
Dna must be greatly compacted to fit nucleus and cell
Histones small proteins that attach to dna. in order for gene to be transcribed, histones loosen dna to uncoil. chromatin not expressed.
Nucleosomes region of DNA that is wrapped around 8 histones. wrapped into a helix.
Created by: 1574238891
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