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Chp. 12

key terms

QuestionAnswer
Autosomes paired chromosomes present in both males & females; all chromosomes except X and Y chromosome.
Sex Chromosomes paired chromosomes that differ between males & females, XX in females, XY in males.
Y Chromosome one of two sex chromosomes in humans; its present signals the male development pathway during fetal development.
X Chomosome one of two sex chromosomes in humans.
X-Linked trait a phenotype determined by an allele on X chromosome.
Incomplete Dominance a form of inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype that is intermediate between homozygous dominant & homozygous recessive.
Co-dominance a form of inheritance in which both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype.
Polygenic trait a trait whose phenotype is determined by the interaction among alleles of more than 1 gene.
Multifactorial Inheritance an interaction between genes and the environment that contributes to a phenotype or trait.
Aneuploidy an abnormal number of 1 or more chromosomes (either extra or missing copies).
Nondisjunction failure of chromosomes to separate accurately during cell division; in meiosis leads to aneuploid gametes.
Trisomy 21 carrying an extra copy of chromosome 21; also known as Down syndrome.
Amniocentesis a procedure that removes fluid surrounding the fetus to obtain & analyze fetal cells to diagnose genetic disorders.
Karyotype the chromosomal makeup of cells; analysis can also be used to detect trisomy 21 prenatally.
Created by: kbtwomey
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