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Chp. 11

key terms

QuestionAnswer
Mutation a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA.
Diploid having 2 copies of every chromosome.
Homologous Chromosomes the 2 copies of each chromosome in a diploid cell. 1 chromosome in the pair is inherited from the mother, the other is from the father.
Phenotype the visible or measurable features of an individual.
Genotype the particular genetic makeup of an individual.
Gametes specialized reproductive cells that carry 1 copy of each chromosome. Sperm are male gametes; eggs are female gametes.
Haploid having only 1 copy of every chromosome.
Meiosis specialized type of cell division that generates genetically unique haploid gametes.
Zygote a cell that is capable of developing into an adult organism; formed when an egg is fertilized by a sperm.
Embryo an early stage of development reached when a zygote undergoes cell division to form a multi-cellular structure.
Recombination the stage of meiosis in which maternal & paternal chromosomes pair & physically exchange DNA segments.
Independent Assortment the principle that alleles of different genes are distributed independently of one another during meiosis.
Recessive Allele an allele that reveals itself in the phenotype only if the organism has 2 copies of that allele.
Dominant Allele an allele that can mask the presence of a recessive allele.
Heterozygous having 2 different alleles.
Homozygous having 2 identical alleles.
Punnett Square a diagram used to determine probabilities of offspring having particular genotypes, given the genotypes of parents.
Carrier an individual who is heterozygous for a particular gene of interest & therefore can pass on the recessive allele without showing any of its effects.
Created by: kbtwomey
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