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Bio chapter 10...joy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) | Carries the programmed info of the cell and is passed from one generation to the next |
| nucleotides (DNA) | 5 carbon sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate group, one of the 4 nitrogenous bases |
| Purines (1 of 2 nitrogenous bases in DNA) | double ring, contains A (adenine) & G (guanine) |
| Pyrimidines (1 of 2 nitrogenous bases in DNA) | single ring, contains thymine and cytosine T(thymine), C (cytosine), & U (uracil) |
| Base pairs | A purine pairs with a pyrimidine forming a hydrogen bond. CHARGOFF'S RULE: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) ....andd....Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) |
| Double Helix | The shape of the DNA that looks like a twisted ladder (connection of the 2 by base pairs) |
| Backbone | The sides of the ladder are made up of alternating Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups making this up |
| Sugars (rungs) | the nitrogeneous bases bond with the sugars making up the rungs (steps) of the laddesr |
| 2 of DNA's functions | 1. DNA must replicate itself for cell division. 2.DNA gives instructions for building proteins with the right PRIMARY STRUCTURE, it's important cuz the amino acid order shapes the 3D shape of each protein to decide if the protein functions right |
| Primary structure | the sequence of amino acids determined by DNA...its important because it determines the shape of the protein & the function of the protein |
| DNA replication | Each strand (side) of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or pattern, against which a new strand is made. |
| Complimentary strand | two strands are opposites, so one strand can be used to reconstruct a new one |
| Replication | occurs when the cell is preparing to divide and needs to make an exact copy of its DNA. |
| First (1st) step of DNA replication | 1. Enzymes called DNA helicases "unzip" the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs at the Replication Fork making 2 complimentary strands which will serve as a template for the new strands |
| Second (2nd) step of DNA replication | 2. Spare nucleotides will attach to exposed nucleotides on each DNA half. DNA Polymerase (an enzyme) then catalyzes the formation of sugar to phosphate bonds and ensure that the bases are properly paired |
| Third (3rd) step of DNA replication | About 20 different enzymes "proofread" the replication process and repair damaged sections of DNA to keep the error rate to around 1 mistake per billion base pairs |
| Fourth (4th (and last)) step of DNA replication | This process occurs along many points of the chromosome at the same time and proceeds in both directions along the DNA molecule until the entire DNA molecule has been replicated....the end result is 2 identical copies of the DNA molecule |
Created by:
Ouran46
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