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68wm6 p2 Tho Dis
Thought Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is delirium? | A rapid change in consciousness that occurs over a short time. Reversible. |
| List four causes of delirium: | *Hypoxia *Electrolyte imbalances *Drugs *Pain *Fatigue *Infections |
| List four S/Sx of delirium: | *Disorientation *Overwhelming anxiety *Tremors *Florid (elaborate/flamboyant) delusions *Illusions and/or hallucinations *Disturbed psychomotor activity *Sleep-wake cycles *Incoherence |
| What is Sun-downing syndrome? | *Nocturnal delirium *Displays increased disorientation and agitation only during the evening or nighttime |
| What is the most common form of dementia? | Alzheimers |
| What are delusions? | A fixed, false belief that cannot be corrected by feedback and is not accepted as true by others in the culture |
| Give an example of delusional ideas of reference. | Thinking someone on TV took your idea |
| Give an example of Somatic Delusions. | Person thinking they have an illness with no proof |
| Give an example of delusional thought broadcasting | “You know what I am thinking” |
| Give an example of delusional Thought Insertion | “She put these thoughts in my head” |
| Give an example of delusional Thought Withdrawal | “You have been stealing my thoughts!” |
| What complications and enviromental factors during pregnancy can increase the chances of child being schizophrenic? | *Birth trauma *Mother contracting a virus like the flu, especially in 2nd trimester *Winter birth |
| What are the structural brain abnormalities in people with schizophrenia? | *Enlarged lateral and third ventricles *Enlarged sulci *Brain atrophy *Hypofrontality (reduced activation in the frontal cortex) |
| How does dopamine relate to schizophrenia? | *Excess of Dopamine in the center of the brain *Lowered Dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex region |
| What does the schizophrenia vulnerability model propose? | that each of us is endowed with a degree of vulnerability that under suitable circumstances will express itself in an episode of schizophrenic illness |
| What is Alogia? | reduced content of speech |
| What is Anhedonia? | inablity to experience pleasure |
| What is Avolition? | lack of initiative/motivation |
| What are the S/Sx of schizophrenia? | *Alogia *Anhedonia *Avolition *Attentional impairment *Affective flattening *Hallucinations *Delusions *Formal thought disorder *Repeated instances of bizarre or disorganized behavior |
| What are the four stages of schizophrenia? | *Prodromal Phase: Begins with lack of energy or motivation *Prepsychotic Phase: Presents with desire to be left alone *Acute Phase: S/Sx vary; lose contact with reality *Residual Phase: Symptoms resemble prodromal phase |
| What are the antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs used in Tx of schizophrenia? | *Clozapine *Risperidone *Olanzapine *Sertindol *Ziprasidone *Quetiapine |
| What blood disorder can clozapine cause? | Agranulocytosis |
| How will antipsychotic medications affect epileptics? | It lowers the seizure threshold (Increasing chances of seizure) so anti-seizure medications may need increased doses |
| What is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome? | *An extreme adverse reaction to antipsychotic drugs characterized by; *Rigidity with high fever *Water intoxication: Polydipsia with hyponatremia (life threatening) |
| What is Acute Extrapyramidal Syndrome? | *An adverse raction to antipsychotic drugs *Dystonia: thick/protruding tongue, stiff neck, abnormal posture of upper limbs *Parkinson like symptoms *Akathisia: extreme restlessness/inability to sit still w/increased motor activity |
| What are the medications used to manage extrapyramidal side effects? | *Cogentin *Artane *Symmetril |
| What is the evidence to support the genetic basis of schizophrenia? | First degree relatives are 10 times more likely to develop schizophrenia than the general population |
| Clozapine (Clozaril) is used only for schizophrenic PTs who are what? | unresponsive to other antipsychotic drugs |
| Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is used to treat what in addition to schizophrenia? | Uncontrolled hiccups |
| What is Tardive Dyskinesia? | *Antipsychotic side effect *Rhythmic, involuntary movements of tongue, face, mouth or jaw *Tongue may protrude and there may be chewing movements, puckering of the mouth and facial grimacing |
| How often must PTs on antipsychotics be monitored for onset of akathisia, extrapyramidal, parkinsonian, and dystonia? | every two months during therapy and 8-12 weeks after therapy has been discontinued |
| What must you do with a schizophrenic patient after administering parenteral neuroleptics? | Keep patient recumbent for at least 30 minutes following parenteral administration to minimize hypotensive effects |
| How are PO neuroleptic medications to be administered? | with food, milk, or a full glass of water to minimize gastric irritation |
| PO neuroleptic medication concentrates must be diluted in what? | 120mL distilled or acidified water, or fruit juice |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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