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Micro Taxonomy
Taxonomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy | science that studies organisms in order to arrange them into groups that share similar characteristics |
| identification | process of characterizing an isolated organism in order to determine where does it belong |
| classification | process of arranging organisms into similar groups to identify and study them |
| nomenclature | system of assigning names to organisms |
| Strategies to identify prokaryotes: | 1. phylogeny 2. phenotypic characteristics 3. genotypic characteristics |
| phylogeny | evolutionary relationships; hard to do among prokaryotes a. taxonomic hierarchies: species to domain b. classification systems: domain, Bergey’s systemic manual for bacteria |
| phenotypic characteristics are more useful for prokaryotes | a. microscopic morphology: stains b. metabolic capabilities: culture, biochemical tests c. serology: antigen-antibody d. fatty acid analysis |
| genotypic characteristics | a. nucleic acid probes – detect specific DNA or RNA sequences b. PCR = polymerase chain reaction – amplifies selected sequences of DNA c. Sequencing of rRNA – each fragment has its own sequence |
| Characterizing strains: | 1. Biochemical typing 2. Serologic typing . Genomic typing 4. Phage typing 5. Antibiograms |
| Biochemical typing | biochemical tests differentiate and identify |
| Serologic typing | uses antigen-antibody reactions to prove identity |
| Genomic typing | subtle differences in DNA sequences prove identity |
| Phage typing | which virus attacks the bacterium can identify the microbe |
| Antibiograms | antibiotic susceptibility can be an identifying characteristic |