19th century scientist who proposed the Theory of Evolution after visiting the Galapagos Islands.

mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.

The most general taxon in Linnaeus’ classification system.

inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment.

one species resembles another; EXAMPLE: Monarch and Viceroy butterflys

structures in different species that came from a common ancestor; Example: human arm, dog foreleg, and seal flipper

allows a species to blend in; EXAMPLE: white bunnies in Arctic, walking stick

structures present in organisms but without a function; relation to common ancestor; EXAMPLE: human appendix, tailbone or wisdom teeth; snake hipbone

technique that measures the natural decay rate of isotopes to calculate the age of material

Directional Selection

pathway of natural selection in which one uncommon phenotype is selected over a more common phenotype; the environment favors an extreme variation of a trait

Stabilizing Selection

pathway of natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes are selected phenotypes at both extremes; the environment favors an average (intermediate) variation of a trait

pathway of natural selection in which two opposite, but equally uncommon, phenotypes are selected over the most common phenotype; the environment favors two extreme variations of a trait

observable change in the allele frequencies of a population over a few generations; Evolution within a population

evolution of two or more species from one ancestral species

Reproductive Isolation

members of different populations can no longer mate successfully with each other

physical barrier divides members of a population

species that once were similar diverge and become different species

many species evolve from one common ancestor

distantly related organisms evolving similar traits because of similar environments

two or more species evolving together, often times in mutualistic relationships

Change in a population of organisms over successive generations (time)

group of organisms so similar to each other that they can breed and produce and produce fertile offspring

includes differences in courtship or mating behaviors

timing of reproductive periods prevents mating

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BEastBio-U5-Evolutio

Unit 5: Evolution

Term	Definition
Darwin	19th century scientist who proposed the Theory of Evolution after visiting the Galapagos Islands.
Natural Selection	mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.
Kingdom	The most general taxon in Linnaeus’ classification system.
Adaptation	inherited trait that is selected for over time because it allows organisms to better survive in their environment.
Mimicry	one species resembles another; EXAMPLE: Monarch and Viceroy butterflys
Structural Adaptation	claws, teeth, thorns, etc.
Homologous Structure	structures in different species that came from a common ancestor; Example: human arm, dog foreleg, and seal flipper
Camouflage	allows a species to blend in; EXAMPLE: white bunnies in Arctic, walking stick
Vestigial Structure	structures present in organisms but without a function; relation to common ancestor; EXAMPLE: human appendix, tailbone or wisdom teeth; snake hipbone
Radiometric Dating	technique that measures the natural decay rate of isotopes to calculate the age of material
Directional Selection	pathway of natural selection in which one uncommon phenotype is selected over a more common phenotype; the environment favors an extreme variation of a trait
Stabilizing Selection	pathway of natural selection in which intermediate phenotypes are selected phenotypes at both extremes; the environment favors an average (intermediate) variation of a trait
Disruptive Selection	pathway of natural selection in which two opposite, but equally uncommon, phenotypes are selected over the most common phenotype; the environment favors two extreme variations of a trait
Microevolution	observable change in the allele frequencies of a population over a few generations; Evolution within a population
Speciation	evolution of two or more species from one ancestral species
Reproductive Isolation	members of different populations can no longer mate successfully with each other
Geographic Isolation	physical barrier divides members of a population
Divergent Evolution	species that once were similar diverge and become different species
Adaptive Radiation	many species evolve from one common ancestor
Convergent Evolution	distantly related organisms evolving similar traits because of similar environments
Coevolution	two or more species evolving together, often times in mutualistic relationships
Evolution	Change in a population of organisms over successive generations (time)
Species	group of organisms so similar to each other that they can breed and produce and produce fertile offspring
Behavioral Isolation	includes differences in courtship or mating behaviors
Temporal Isolation	timing of reproductive periods prevents mating

Created by: BEastBio

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