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Inside Earth 6 grade

QuestionAnswer
Constructive forces A force that builds up the earths surface.
Destructive forces A force that changes the earths surface.
Geology The study of earth.
Geologist A person who studies the forces that make and change earth.
Mantle The second layer of the earth. Made of molten rock. Where convection occurs.
Oceanic crust Made of basalt. 5 mi. thick.
Continental crust 20 mi. thick. Made of granite.
Inner core Solid iron and nikel. Solid because of pressure.
Outer core Made of iron and nikel. Hotter than metal.
Lithosphere The uppermost part of the mantle. Rigid part of the mantle. Also is part of the crust.
Asthenosphere The soft part of the mantle. Flowing rock. Lithosphere floats on this making the continents move.
Convection currents The movement of heat through convection. The heat goes up and the cold air goes down.
Crust Thinnest layer. Made of oceanic crust and continental crust.
Pangea A super continent that split and formed the current continents.
Name three theroies about the earth and the people who made them. Continental drift - Alfred Wegner Seafloor spreading - Harry Hess Plate tectonics - Tuzo Willson
Mid-ocean ridge A place where new material is being added to the seafloor. Is on a divergent boundary.
Sonar A machine that maps the ocean floor using sound waves.
Deep-ocean trench A place where oceanic crust sinks toward the mantle.
Subduction The process where oceanic crust sinks into the mantle at a convergent boundary.
Plate (tectonic) A part of the lithosphere that moves on the asthenosphere.
Transform boundary Where two plates slip past each other.
Divergent boundary Where two plates move away from each other.
Convergent boundary Where two plates crash into each other.
Strike-slip fault A fault where two plates slip past each other.
Normal fault Caused by tension the hanging wall falls down and the foot wall goes up.
Reverse fault Caused by compression the hanging wall goes up and the foot wall goes down.
Shearing A type of stress where the rock breaks sideways creating a transform boundary.
Tension A type of stress where rocks are being pulled apart.
Compression A type of stress that pushes rock together.
Stress A force that changes a rocks shape or volume.
Deformation A change in the crust shape or volume.
Focus The point where the rock breaks that causes an earthquake.
Epicenter Directly above the focus where the seismic waves reach the top of the crust where we can feel it.
Primary waves A wave that compresses and expands ground. Also called P waves.
Secondary waves A wave that moves the ground up, down and side to side. Also called S waves.
Surface waves Any wave the reaches the top of the crust.
Seismic waves A wave that carries the energy of an earthquake.
Sesimograph A tool that measures the movement of seismic waves.
Magnitude The power of an earthquake based on the seismic waves and movement along faults.
Richter scale Rates how powerful an earthquake is using a special type of seismograph.
Mercalli scale Rates an earthquake on how much damage it caused.
Vibration A trembling motion.
Magma Inside the earths mantle.
Lava Magma that has reached earths surface.
Name the three stages of a a volcano Active, dormant and extinct.
Geothermal energy Energy from heat inside earth.
Ring of Fire A place along the pacific plate where lots of volcanoes appear.
Hot spots An unusually hot place in the middle of a plate usually forming a volcano.
Island arcs A string of islands formed by a volcano.
Name the parts of a volcano Magma chamber,pipe, side vent, vent, crater and ash cloud.
Quiet eruptions Only if lava flows out easily.
Explosive eruptions When a lot of pressure builds up and explodes.
Rock A material that forms the earths surface.
Mineral Inorganic sold that has a crystal texture and chemical composition.
Streak The color of a minerals powder.
Luster The way a mineral reflects light.
Cleavage The way a mineral breaks on a smooth surface.
Fracture The way a mineral looks like broken.
Hardness How hard a mineral is on the Mohs scale of hardness.
Extrusive igneous Igneous rock on the earths surface.
Instrusive igneous Igneous rocks in the mantle.
Sedimentary rock A rock formed by sediment.
Metamorphic rock A rock that is fused and cooled together by magma.
Mohs scale of hardness A scale that measures how hard a mineral is.
Created by: bwarren18
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