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Geology Unit

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QuestionAnswer
Layers of soil 1.Organic layer 2.Topsoil 3.Subsoil 4.Regolith and Bedrock
Organic Layer sometimes called "litter layer" decomposing organic matter= leaf litter, plant parts,small animals/parts, animal feces
Topsoil the most decomposed organic matter called 'humus' rich in nutrients dark color seeds germinate here lots of organisms: worms, ants, other ground insects
Subsoil chunks of rocks, and sediments composed of iron, clay, alluminum only a little organic matter lighter color
Regolith and Bedrock regolith= top parts:composed of broken rock bedrock= solid rock under regolith little or no organic matter some tree roots get into regolith but not bedrock
Formation of Soil Timeline 1.solid rock 2.broken down by weathering 3.transported and broken smaller by erosion 4.becomes particles called sediment 5.add organic matter 6.add water 7.add air 8.becomes rich, fertile soil
2 types of weathering mechanical,chemical
mechanical weathering ice wedging: water freezes in cracks and expands
chemical weathering raindrops absorb carbon dioxide which forms a weak acid and dissolves rock overtime
two causes of erosion rivers: flow downhill and carry sediments which erode river banks landslides: rocks and soil are quickly pulled downhill
know the layers/spheres of the earth 1.crust 2.mantle 3.outer core 4.inner core 5.hydrosphere- water 6.atmosphere- air 7.lithosphere- land 8.biosphere- living things
crust made up of plates oceanic and continental crust
mantle thick made up of molten lava/magma
outer core mostly made of iron very hot
inner core mostly made of iron the hottest layer
Created by: cateallie12
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