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Boulder High Biology
Boulder High Biology chapter 4
| WORD | DEFINITION |
|---|---|
| weather | day to day condition of the earth's atmosphere at a particular place |
| climate | the average year to year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a region |
| greenhouse effect | heat retained by a layer of gases to maintain the earths heat |
| temperate zones | the zone between the poles and the topics |
| polar zones | cold regions at the north and south pole areas |
| tropical zone | near the equator, hot |
| biotic factor | all living things |
| abiotic factors | nonliving things, weather, soil, sunlight etc |
| habitat | The area where an organism lives, both the biotic and abiotic factors |
| niche | an organism's address and it's occupation |
| resource | any thing necessary for life (air, light etc) |
| competitive exclusion principle | states that two species cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat, one will "win" over the other |
| predation | when a "predator" catches and eats another (prey) |
| symbosis | "living together", 2 species live closely together, 3 types |
| mutualism | a type of symbosis where it benefits both species |
| commensalism | a type of symbosis where one species benefits more than the other |
| parasitism | a type of symbosis where one organism harms the other |
| ecological succession | predictable changes in an ecosystem, where some inhabitants die out and new ones move in because of a change in the ecosystem |
| primary succession | ecological succession that begins on rock, no soil present (on newly formed lava for example) |
| pioneer species | the first species that arrive in a primary succession |
| secondary succession | occurs when land is disturbed, but the soil is not gone (ie farming) |
| biome | an environment that has a characteristic set of plants and animals. Includes tropical rain forest, tropical dry forest, tropical savanna, desert, temperate grassland, temperate woodland and shrubland, temperate forest, northwestern coniferous forest, bore |
| microclimate | where the climate in small area is very different than the surrounding area |
| canopy | a high dense covering of tree tops |
| understory | the shaded area below a canopy where shrubs and vines grow |
| deciduous | a tree that loses it leaves for part of the year |
| coniferous | trees that usually have needles and produce cones |
| humus | formed by the decay of leaves and other organic materials |
| taiga | another name for the biome boreal forest which has dense conifers at the extemely cold edge of the forested land |
| plankton | tiny free-floating organisms that live in standing water |
| phytoplankton | single celled algea that make up some plankton |
| zooplankton | very small animals that feed on phytoplankton |
| wetland | an ecosystem where water is on the surface or very near the surface |
| estuaries | wetlands where rivers meet the sea |
| detritus | tiny pieces of organic matter that provide food for organisms |
| salt marshes | esturaries that have mainly salt tolerant grasses and seagrasses |
| mangrove swamp | costal wetlands where the dominant plant is salt tolerant trees (varieties of mangrove trees) |
| photic zone | the top part of the ocean where there is lots of sunlight available for photosynthesis, about 200 meters deep |
| aphotic zone | below the photic zone, not enough light for photosynthesis |
| Intertidal zone | an area along the coasts that is covered with sea water part of the day and exposed to the air the remainder of the day |
| zonation | horizontal banding of organisms in the intertidal zone |
| coastal ocean | the area from low tide to the edge of the continental shelf |
| kelp forests | very productive community of giant brown algae in cold tmeperate oceans |
| coral reefs | very diverse community in shallow warm ocean waters made up largely of corals with hard skeletons |
| benthos | the organisms that live on the ocean floor |
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viki.lawrence
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