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rock and fossils
geo time scale, fossils and dating
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Uniformitarianism | the principle that states that the same geologic processes shaping the earth today have been at work through Earth's history. |
| Catastrophism | The principle that states that all geologic change occurs suddenly. |
| Relative Dating | Determining whether an object or event is older or younger than other objects or events. |
| Superposition | The principle that states that younger rock lie above older rocks in undisturbed sequences. |
| Geologic Column | an ideal sequence of rock layers that contain all the known fossils and rock formations on earth arranged from oldest to youngest. |
| Unconformity | a surface that represents a missing part of the geologic column. |
| Fault | a break in the earth's crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another. |
| Intrusion | when molten rock from the earth's interior squeezes into existing rock and cools |
| Folding | When rock layers bend and buckle from earth's internal forces. |
| Tilting | when internal forces in the earth slant rock layers without folding them. |
| Deposition | When sediments are deposited and form rock layers. |
| Disconformity | where part of a sequence of parallel rock layers is missing. |
| Nonconformity | where sedimentary rock layers lie on top of an eroded surface of non-layered igneous or metamorphic rock. |
| Angular Unconformity | between horizontal rock layers and rock layers that are tilted or folded. |
| Absolute Dating | The process of establishing the age of an object, such as a fossil or rock layer, by determining the number of years it has existed. |
| Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Radioactive Decay | the process of unstable isotopes breaking down stable isotopes of other elements. |
| Radiometric Dating | determining the absolute age of a sample based on the ratio of parent and daughter material. |
| Half Life | the time it takes for one-half of a radioactive sample to decay. |
| Uranium-Lead Method | Half life: 4.5 billion years for dating: more than 10 million years |
| Potassium-Argon Method | half life: 1.3 billion years for dating: more than 100,000 |
| Carbon-14 Method | half life: 5,730 years for dating: within last 50,000 years |
| fossil | any naturally preserved evidence of life |
| types of fossilization | 1. fossils in rock (mineral replacement) 2. Fossils in amber 3. mummification 4. frozen fossils 5. fossils in tar |
| coprolites | dung stone |
| mold | a cavity in the ground or rock where a plant or animal was buried |
| cast | shows what the outside of the organism looked like |
| trace fossils | any naturally preserved evidence of an animal's activity. |
| index fossils | fossils of organisms that lived during a relatively short, well-defined time span |
| Geologic time scale | scale that divides earth's 4.6 billion year history into distinct intervals of time. |
| Geologic time scale (largest to smallest) | eon era period epoch |
| precambrian time | 3 eons |
| phanerozoic eon | cenozoic era mesozoic era paleozoic era |
| cenozoic era | age of mammals |
| Mesozoic era | age of dinosaurs |
| Paleozoic era | age of first life forms in ocean then on land |
Created by:
anysiaali
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