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DIT PSI
protein synethesis inhibitors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What drug classes inhibit protein synthesis? | buy AT 30, CCELL at 50: Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines. Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Linelozid |
| binds 23s RNA and interacts with the bacterial initiaton complex. for MRSA and VRE | linezolid |
| 5 aminoglycosides | GNATS: Gentamycin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin |
| Clinical uses for aminoglycosides? | severe gram negative ROD infections |
| Synergistic with aminoglycosides | beta lactams |
| Why are aminoglycosides ineffective against anaerobes | They require O2 for uptake |
| Side effects of aminoglycosides | NOT: Neprotoxic, Ototoxic, Teratogenic |
| What drugs have ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity as side effects? | Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Loop diuretics, Cisplatin |
| Clinical uses for tetracyclines | VACUUM THe BedRoom: Vibrio, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma, M. pn, Tularemia, H.pylori, BOrrelia, rickettsia |
| What should you never take with tetracyclines | milk, antacids or iron (Ca, Mg, Fe - because divalent cations inhibit absorption) |
| Side effects of tetracyclines | GI distress, teeth discoloration, photosensitivity, inhibits bone growth |
| Clinical uses for macrolides? | PUS: atypical Pneumonia, URIs, STDs Gram Positives |
| Most common cause of non-adherence with macrolide use? | GI discomfort |
| Clinical use of chloramphenicol? | Meningitis (H flu, NM, St Pn) |
| Side effects of chloramphenicol? | Anemia, aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome |
| What causes gray baby syndrome? | chloramphenicol |
| What causes gray man syndrome? | amiodarone |
| what causes red man syndrome? | vancomycin |
| binds peptidyl transferase of the 50S ribosomal subunit | Streptogramin A |
| prevents protein chain extension | Streptogramin B |
| streptogramin indications | MRSA, VRe, staph and strep skin infx |
| streptogramin side effects | hepatotoxicity, pseudomembranous colitis |
| ckincal uses of clindamycin | anaerobic infxn, aspiration pneumonia, lung abscesses, skin infx d2 MRSA |
| side effects of clindamycin | pseudomembranous colitis, fever, diarrhea |
| mechanism of sulfonamides | folic acid inhibitors. PABA antimetabolites inhibit DIHYDROPTERATE SYNTHETASE |
| mechanism of trimethoprim | folic acid inhibitors. inhibits DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE |
| Clinical uses of TMP-SMX | UTIs, Shigella, salmonella, pn jiroveci. G+, G-, Nocardia, chlamydia |
| What other drugs should be avoided in pts with sulfa allergy | celecoxib, furosemide, probenecid, thiazides, TMP-SFX, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas, acetazolamide, sulfonamide abx, sumatriptans |
| reduced by bacterial proteins to a reactive intermediate taht inactivates bacterial ribosomes | nitrofurantoin |
| for UTI cstitis by E coli or staph saprophyticus | nitrofurantoin |
| side effects of nitrofurantoin | nausea, HA, flatulence |
| What organisms most commonly cause UTIs? | E coli (80%), Proteus, Klebsiella, Staph saphro |
| What drugs have photosensitivity reactions? | Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines |
| What drugs can cause Steven's Johnson syndrome? | -cillins, sulfas, seizures (ethosuxamide, lamotrigene, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin) and allopurinol |
| Quinolone mechanism | inhibit DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II) |
| clinical uses for fluoroquinolones? | gram negative rods of G/U + GI tract infx. (pseudomonase, neisseria), gram + |
| side effects of fluroguinolones | GI upset, tendonitis and tendon rupture |
| Metronidazole uses | (GET GAP) Giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas, gardnerella, anaerobes, h pylori |
| What drugs are used in anaerobic infections? | Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem |
| H pylori triple therapy | PPI, Clarithromyin, Amoxicillin or Metronidazole |
| what drugs cause a disulfiram like reaction | some cephalosporins, Procarbazine, Metronidazole, 1G sulfonylureas |
| What abx are restricted to topical use d2 nephrotoxicity | Neomycin |
| Clincal uses of polymxin | resistant Gram negatives |
| Side effects of polymyxin | Neurotoxic, Acute renal tubule necrosis |
| Drugs effective against pseudomonas | polymyxins, fluoroquinolones, cefepime, aztreonam, aminoglycosides, extended spectrum penicillins, 3G cephalosporins |
Created by:
kayjames
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