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Genetics + Evolution

Middle school level vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Heterozygous Two different alleles (Tt)
Homozygous The two alleles are the same (TT or tt)
Dominant The trait will show up even if only one allele this type is present
Recessive The trait will not show up if another allele is present. Must be tt for the trait to show up.
Purebred Another term for Homozygous
Hybrid Another term for Heterozygous
Carrier An organism that is heterozygous for a trait and carries the recessive gene. This gene is hidden by the dominant gene.
chromosome A section of DNA in a cell. It is one continuous strand of DNA containing many genes. Humans have 46 in their body cells.
Gene A section of a chromosome that codes for a trait.
DNA The genetic material in many types of cells.
Allele A version of a gene
Nucleus The part of the cell that holds the DNA
Mutation A change in the DNA sequence of a Gene. This may result in a new trait.
Incomplete Dominance When a heterozygous individual shows both traits. EX. A brown cow and a white bull have offspring that are both brown and white.
Co-dominance When a heterozygous individual shows a blending of both genes. EX. A red flower and a white flower produce a pink flower.
Sex-linked Genes on the X chromosome cary these traits. The females get 2 copies of the gene while males only get on. EX. Colorblindness
Pedigree A series of squares and circles that show how a trait has traveled through a family
Clone A genetic duplicate of another organism.
Overproduction Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support.
Selection The environment chooses which traits will get passed onto the next generation by killing individuals with poor traits.
Variation Any difference in members of a species.
Competition Because there are too many members of a species, the members of that species must struggle for resources.
Asexual Reproduction A method of reproduction that requires just one parent and creates clones of the parent.
Sexual Reproduction A method of reproduction that requires 2 parents and blends traits when the parents combine their genes.
Created by: jonathanmarks
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