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vinh do

bio test 3 chapter 13

QuestionAnswer
What are linked genes? Genes located on the same chromosome
According to Mendel’s principle of independent assortment, the results of the testcross should be in a ratio of 1:1:1:1
Morgan ended up observing a ? of parental phenotypes and a ? of recombinant phenotypes high percentage, Low percentage
What are parental phenotypes? Offspring are identical to the original P generation
What are recombinant phenotypes? Offspring have different combinations of traits from those of the P generation
Morgan hypothesized that the genes were linked and a genetic recombination occurred. What is genetic recombination? A process in which crossing-over occurred during meiosis
Genes located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes
The recombination frequency between any two linked genes reflect the distance between them on their chromosome
Recombination frequencies can be used to make a map of a chromosome showing relative locations of genes
Genes located on the chromosomes other than sex chromosomes are called autosomes
In humans, the autosomes are chromosomes # 1 to 22
Different set of alleles on sex chromosomes in the males and females are inherited in a pattern called sex linkage
Morgan proved there are genes on the X chromosome that determine non-sexual traits
The genes for non-sexual traits on the X chromosome are called ? They are always ? x-linked genes, recessive
In an X-linked pattern of inheritance, which sex is more likely to inherit the disorder? Why? male, Males need to receive only one copy of the allele on the X chromosome to develop the trait Females must receive two copies of the recessive allele
What is X inactivation? Early during embryonic development, one of the two X chromosomes in each cell is randomly inactivated
What are chromosomal mutations? Changes in chromosome structure or chromosome number
How are chromosomal structure changed? 1. Deletion: a segment is lost from a chromosome 2. Duplication: a segment of the chromosome is repeated 3. Translocation: a segment is switched b/w two nonhomologous chromosome 4. Inversion: a segment of the chromosome is reversed
Which one of the above is responsible for causing cri-du-chat? Burkitt’s lymphoma? Deletion, translocation
What causes an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell? nondisjunction
What is aneuploid? Individuals with extra or missing chromosomes
Individuals with a normal set of chromosomes What is euploid?
An example of an aneuploidy is Down’s syndrome. This person has 47 chromosome instead of 46 due to having an extra copy of chromosome 21
XO – Turner syndrome
XXY – Klinefelter syndrome
XXX – triple-X syndrome
What are the different types of genetic inheritance pattern? 1. autosomal recessive traits 2. autosomal dominant traits 3. x-linked recessive traits
Examples of the autosomal dominant disorders/traits: Achondroplasia Progeria Huntington’s disease 50% chance
Examples of the X-linked recessive disorders/traits: Red-green color blindness Hemophilia Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) 0% chance
Created by: 752247243
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