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A.P.E.S ch. 11-1
Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| coral reefs, estuaries, the deep ocean floor | greatest marine biodiversity occurs here |
| coasts | biodiversity is higher near the ______ than in the open ocean because of the greater variety of producers and habitats |
| bottom region | has higher biodiversity than the surface region of the ocean because of the greater variety of habitats and food sources |
| 1 | freshwater systems occupy __% of the earth's surface |
| H in HIPPCO | habitat loss and degradation |
| I in HIPPCO | invasive species |
| first P in HIPPCO | coastal population growth |
| second P in HIPPCO | pollution |
| C in HIPPCO | climate change |
| O in HIPPCO | overfishing |
| coastal wetlands, mangrove forests, coral reefs | under intense pressure from human activities; disappearing at rates 2-10 times higher than the rate of tropical forest loss |
| trawlers | drag huge nets weighted down with heavy chains and steel plates over the ocean floor to harvest a few species of shellfish and bottom fish |
| 51 | __% of freshwater fish species are threatened with premature extinction |
| bioinvaders (invasive species) | blamed for two-thirds of fish extinctions in the united states between 1900 and 2000. They cost the country $14 million per hour. |
| UNEP | U.N. Environmental Programme |
| 80 | __% of the world's population will be living along or near the coasts by 2020 |
| 40 | __% of the world's oceans are affected by pollution |
| eutrophication | inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus into waterways leads to _______ |
| biological extinction | due to overfishing, water pollution, wetlands destruction, and excessive removal of water from rivers and lakes fish species are threatened with _______ _______. |
| industrial fishing fleets | dominate the world's marine fishing industry; are "vacuuming the seas", decreasing marine biodiversity, and degrading important marine ecosystems services. |
| developing | today most industrial fishing fleets come from ________ countries, esp. Asia |
| purse-seine | type of fishing where a locator plane locates a school of fish in shallow waters and then a fishing vessel encloses it with a large net |
| longlining | type of fishing that involves putting out a line up to 130 km long that is attached to thousands of baited hooks |
| drift-net | type of fishing where fish are caught by giant drifting nets as deep as 15 meters deep and 64 km long. |
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siena.s
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