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Muscles:
Origin, Insertion, and Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extracapsular accessory ligament | collateral ligament |
| Intracapsular accessory ligament | cruciate ligament |
| a joint that does not move | synarthroses |
| when a structure moves in an inferior direction | depression |
| foot pointed up- toe to tibia | dorsiflexion |
| turns sole inward (medial) | inversion |
| turns sole outward (lateral) | eversion |
| bone, cartilage &fibrous materials | component tissues of a joint |
| a joint that is freely moveable | diarthroses |
| have joint cavity, articular capsule, & accessory ligaments | synovial joints |
| diarthrotic synovial joints | most joints in humans |
| bones held together by cartilage, NO joint cavity | cartilaginous joints |
| bones held together by dense fibrous CT, NO joint cavity | fibrous joints |
| a joint that has some limited motion | amphiarthroses |
| increase or decrease the angle between bones | angular movements |
| one surface moves back & forth or side to side against another | gliding movement |
| away from midline or spreading fingers | abduction |
| inner layer of articular capsule, secretes synovial fluid | synovial membrane |
| typical football injuries | collateral ligament (medial), cruciate (anterior), cartilage (medial) |
| surrounds joints, encloses joint cavity | articular capsule |
| distal end of bone moves in a circle while proximal end remains stable | circumduction |
| movement of a bone around it’s long axis | rotation |
| covers articulating surfaces of bone | articular cartilage |
| aphiarthrotic, occurs where constructing material is fibrocartilage | synphysis |
| turns palms of hand forward | supination |
| bending head backwards, past anatomical position | hyperextension |
| synchondroses, symphysis | types of cartilaginous joints |
| cone shaped peg fits into socket | gomphoses |
| teeth into alveolar processes | gomphoses |
| amphiarthrotic, much more fibrous CT between bones | syndesmoses |
| complete fusion of bone at suture lines | synostoses |
| regular margins come together: maxillary bones | plane suture |
| margins of one bone overlaps adjacent bone: squamosal suture | squamous suture |
| sagittal suture (between parietal bones) | serrate suture |
| serrate, squamous, plane | types of sutures |
| moving a part of the body posteriorly in a horizontal plane | retraction |
| e.g. epiphyseal plate | synchondroses |
| increases angle between anterior surfaces except knee | extension |
| decreases angle between anterior surfaces except knee | flexion |
| extension at ankle- foot points backward | plantar flexion |
| place where two bones come together | articulation |
| pads of fibrocartilage | articular discs |
| allow bone to move independently, maintains joint stability | articular discs |
| toward midline | adduction |
| when a structure moves in a superior direction | elevation |
| turn palms backward | pronation |
| hyaluronic acid & interstitial fluid | synovial fluid |
| suture, syndesmoses, gomphoses | types of fibrous joints |
| moving a part of the body anteriorly in a horizontal plane | protraction |
| gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket | types of synovial joints |
| ability to shorten and thicken in response to stimuli | contractility |
| ability to stretch | extensibility |
| ability to return to normal shape after stretching | elasticity |
| CT components of muscle | epimysium, perimysium, endomysium |
| Region where communication takes place | synapse |
| Gap or space between somatic motor neuron & muscle fiber/cell | synaptic cleft |
| Acetylcholine | neurotransmitter that causes contraction |
| Caused by limited amount of residual ATP | rigor mortis |
| Without muscle tone | flaccid |
| Reduction of muscle size, tone & power | atrophy |
| Enlargement of muscle | hypertrophy |
| Each muscle fiber either contracts completely or doesn’t contract at all | all or none principle |
| Muscles whose actions oppose that of an agonist | antagonist |
| Increase in concentration of Ca++ causes_________ | muscle contraction |
| Decrease in concentration of Ca++ does _________ | stops muscle contraction |
| When it contracts, it assists the agonist | synergist |
| When agonists and antagonists contract at the same time | fixator |
| Blood cell production | hemopoiesis |
| Most of CO2 travels as _____________ | bicarbonate ion |
Created by:
jchironna
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