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FA/DIT autonomics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| alpha 1 receptor functions | vasoconstriction, mydriasis, urinary and bowel retention |
| alpha 2 receptor functions | decreased sympathetic outflow, decreased insulin release |
| beta 1 receptor functions | increased heart rate, increased contractility, increased renin, increased lipolysis |
| beta 2 receptor functions | vasodilation, bronchodilation, increased heart rate, increased contractility, increased lipolysis, increased insulin, decreased uterine tone |
| M1 receptor functions | CNS, enteric nervous system |
| M2 reception functions | decreased heart rate, decreased contractility |
| M3 receptor functions | increased secretions, bronchoconstriction, miosis, accomodation |
| D1 receptor function | relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle |
| D2 receptor function | modulates transmitter release, esp in brain. |
| H1 receptor function | increased mucus, bronchoconstriction, pruritis, pain |
| H2 receptor function | increased gastric acid secretion |
| What are the symptoms of excess parasympathetic activity | DUMBELSS |
| What drug regenerates acetylcholinesterases after organophosphate poisoning? | Pralidoxime |
| What drug reverses the symptoms of organophosphate poisoning? | Atropine |
| Bethanechol, Pilocarpine, Carbachol, Methacholine | direct cholinomimetics |
| Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium, Physostigmine, Echothiophate | indirect cholinomimetics (anticholinesterases) |
| Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Donepezil | Alzheimer''s anticholinesterases |
| Tensilon test | sx of MG improve when given Edrophonium |
| Hot as a hare, dry as a bone, red as a beet, blind as a bat, bloated as a toad, mad as a hatter | symptoms of inhibiting parasympathetic activity |
| -trop- | muscarinic antagonist |
| Benztropine, Scopolamine, Oxybutynin, Glycopyrrolate, Ipratroprium, Homotropine, Atropine, Tropicamine | muscarinic antagonists |
| Oxybutynin, Tolterodine, Darifenacin, Solifenacin, Trospium | anticholinergics used to treat urge type urinary incontinence |
| In what pt populations is atropine contraindicated? | Acute-closure glaucoma, Urinary retention (BPH), GI obstruction (ileus), Dementia, Delirium, Elderly, Infant with fever |
| Meds with anticholinergic side effects? | 1stG H1 blockers, Traditional neuroleptics, TCAs, Amantadine |
| What is the mechanism of action of organophosphate poisoning? | Excess cholinergic activation of muscarinic receptors. |
| What drug is best for reversal of organophosphate poisoning? | pralidoxime (2PAM) |
| What drug would improve FEV1 in a patient with COPD? | Ipratropium |
| How do you treat urinary retention due to a neuroleptic? | Bethanechol |
| Dark: both eyes dilated. Light: control pupil is miotic, while pupil with Drug stays mydriatic. What is the drug? | Atropine |
| Acetyl CoA + Choline = | Acetylcholine |
| What enzyme catalyzes the creation of ACh? | ChAT (choline acetyltransferase) |
| What enzyme inhibits the RLS of ACh synthesis? | Hemicholinium |
| Precursors to NE | Dopamine, Dopa, Tyrosine |
| Enzyme for Tyrosine to Dopa | Tyrosine Hydroxylase |
| What drugs inhibit the release of NE? | Guanethidine, Bretylium |
| What drugs stimulate the release of NE? | Amphetamines, Ephedrine, Tyramine |
| What drugs inhibit the reuptake of NE? | Cocaine, TCas, amphetamines |
| What enzymes metabolize NE once released? | COMT, MAO |
| What toxin inhibits the release of ACh? | Botulinum toxin |
| What toxin stimulates the release of ACh? | Black widow spider toxin |
| What cotransporter kicks of ACh and NE synthesis? | Na |
| What ion allows for vesicle release? | Ca |
| What reactions take place in Phase 1 metabolism? | Cyt. P450: oxidation, hydrolysis, and reduction |
| What reactions take place in Phase 2 metabolism? | Conjugation: Acetylation, Glucuronidation, Sulfation |
| How many half lives does it take for a drug infused at a constant rate to reach 94% of steady state? | 4.5 |
| What variables determine the half life of a drug? | Clearance, Volume of distribution |
| What receptor does Clonidine stimulate? | A2 |
| What receptor does Dopamine stimulate? | D1=D2>B>A |
| What receptor does Phenylephrine stimulate? | A1>A2 |
| What receptor does Albuterol stimulate? | B2>B1 |
| what receptor does Norepinephrine stimulate? | A1, A2> B1 |
| What receptor does Isoproterenol stimulate? | B1=B2 |
| What receptor does Epinephrine stimulate? | A1, A2, B1, B2 |
| What receptor does Dobutamine stimulate? | B1>B2 |
| What receptor does Terbutaline stimulate? | B2 |
| Sympathomimetic giver as a nebulizer for asthma | Albuterol |
| drug of choice for anaphylaxis | epinephrine |
| most common first line agent for pts in cardiogenic shock | dobutamine |
| Most common first line agent for pts in septic shock | NE |
| given subQ for asthmas | Epi |
| Used by ENT to vasoconstrict nasal vessels | Cocaine |
| Used to treat ADHD | Amphetamine |
| What drug would theoretically be most appropriate in a pt in shock becaues it maintains renal blood flow? | Dopamine |
| 5 classes of drugs used to treat glaucoma? | alpha agonists, beta blockers, cholinomimetics, diuretics, PGF2 |
| What are the common side effects of beta blockers? | impotence, asthma and CHF exacerbation, bradycardia, AV block |
| Clinical use of dopamine? | Shock tx |
| Clinical use of clonidine | anti-HTN in pts with kideny issues |
| Clinical use of amphetamine | ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity, MDD |
| clinical use of terbutaline | reduce premature contractions, asthma |
| clinical use of epinephrine | anaphylaxis, glaucoma, asthma, hypotension |
| propranolol, timolol, labetalol | nonselective beta blockers |
| metoprolol, atenolol, esmolol | B1 selective beta blockers |
| Prazosin, Terazosin, Phenoxybenzamine, Phentolamine | alpha blockers |
| Hexamethonium | Nicotinic antagonist |
| Clonidine, alpha-methyldopa | centrally acting A2 agonists, decrease central adrenergic outflow |
Created by:
kayjames
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