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Duncan Bio Ch 11-14
Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| What organism did Mendel do his research on ? | garden peas |
| What are the 3 Mendel's Laws? | 1) some genes are dominant, others are recessive 2) genes for different traits sort independently from each other during gamete formation (ie. chromosomes line up randomly during meiosis) 3) gene pairs separate during meiosis |
| What is an gene? | A sequence of DNA that codes for a specific protein. |
| What is an allele? | a different version of a gene for a trait (like blue eye, brown eye, green eye) |
| What is a genotype? | The genes that a person has for a trait |
| What is a phenotype? | The physical appearance of a trait |
| When a genotype has 2 of the SAME alleles, it is called _____. | homozygous |
| When a genotype has 2 DIFFERENT alleles, it is called _____. | heterozygous |
| The genotype AA is _____ | homozygous |
| The genotype Aa is _______ | heterozygous |
| This is a tool used to predict the possible offspring of two individuals with certain genotypes. | Punnett Square |
| What is a dominant allele? | Dominant alleles cause traits to show if there is at least one dominant allele present. |
| What is a recessive allele? | Recessive alleles are masked by dominant alleles, so 2 recessive alleles are required for a recessive trait to show. |
| What type of alleles are represented by Capital letters? | Dominant |
| What type of alleles are represented by lower-case letters? | recessive |
| On a Punnett square, what information is on the top and sides of the outside of the square? | The genotypes of the parental gametes |
| On a Punnett square, what information is in the inside of the square? | the genotypes of the possible offspring |
| What is incomplete dominance? | When two alleles are not completely dominant over each other and blend together in a heterozygous individual |
| What is codominance? | When two alleles are not completely dominant over each other and both show up in a heterozygous individual |
| codominant or incomplete dominant? RR= red WW=white RW= pink | incomplete dominant: traits blend together |
| codominant or incomplete dominant? RR= red WW=white RW= red and white stripes | codominant: both traits show up |
| What is a sex-linked trait? | Any trait caused by a gene on one of the sex chromosomes X or Y |
| What sex-chromosomes does a male have? | X Y |
| What sex-chromosomes does a female have? | XX |
| Why are sex-linked traits more likely to affect males? | Most sex-linked traits are on the X-chromosome since it is larger than the Y. Since males only have 1 X, they show whatever is on the X. Females can be heterozygous (carriers), and not show a sex-linked disorder |
| What is a pedigree? | A chart showing the relationships within a family, as well as the genetic traits in a family |
| how are males and females shown in a pedigree? | males are represented by squares, females by circles. |
| How is a marriage shown on a pedigree? | a horizontal line connecting 2 individuals |
| How are offspring shown on a pedigree? | a vertical line from the parents connected to a bracket to the children |
| What is genetic engineering? | Attempts to alter the DNA of organisms to get traits that are desired, beneficial, or useful? |
Created by:
msduncan
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