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Heart Contraction
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In contraction of the heart, blood comes into the heart and fills the ______. this puts pressure against the ____ valves, which forces them open and fills the __________. | atria, AV , ventricles |
| the ___ valves are released while blood fills the ______. once the _____ become mostly filled, the _____ contract and force all of the additional blood into the _________. | AV, ventricles, atria, ventricles |
| ____ contract and force blood against __ valve cusps, and this causes them to close | Ventricles, AV |
| ____ muscles contract and _____ ______ tighten which prevents the valve flaps from back flow of blood. | papillary, chordae tendinae |
| After _____ contract blood is pushed up agains the ____ valves, forcing them to open | ventricles, semilunar |
| Once the ventricles relax, blood flows back from arteries and fills the cusps of the ____ valves, causing them to close. | semilunar |
| What is the lub dup sound of the heart the result of? | the closing valves |
| the lub sound is the sound of what valves closing? | AV |
| the dup sound is the sound of what valves closing? | semilunar |
| Vascular insufficiency is the same thing as a what? | heart murmur |
| What will a heart murmur sound like when the AV valves do not close completely? | lub "dribble dribble" |
| What will a heart murmur sound like when the semilunar valves do not close completely | dup dribble dribble |
| What is the dribble dribble part of a heart murmur? | it's due to the valves not shutting all the way and letting a small amount of blood in |
| Cardiac cells are ____, ______, and _____. | short, branched, striated |
| How are cardiac cells interconnected? | they are connected through intercollated discs |
| how does the interconnectedness help the heart with it's function? | it allows the heart to pump as one unit |
| What are T tubules like in cardiac cells? | wide but less numerous than in skeletal muscle |
| The sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac cells is very ______ to that in skeletal cells. | similar |
| There is an abundance of ________ in the cardiac cells, much more than skeletal cells. | mitochondria |
| the heart is ____rhythmic. | auto |
| What percentage of the heart is autorhythmic? | 1% |
| What does autorhythmic mean in the case of the heart? | that 1% of the cardiac cells are self excitable and are able to generate action potentials |
| Depolarization in the heart is __ and ____ | rhythmic and spontaneous |
| the ability for the heart to function as a unit is called? | syncytium |
| There is a long what in the heart? (about 250 miliseconds) | absolute refractory period |
| What is intrinsic conduction? | ability for heart to generate a charge |
| There are 5 parts of the intrinsic conduction. what are they? | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Bundle branches, perkinje fibers |
| What is the SA node? | the pacemaker that generates impulses about 75 times per minute |
| The SA node depolarizes _____ than any other part of myocardium | faster |
| Where is the SA node located? | top of right atrium |
| When the SA node sends stimulation, it stimulates both _____ | atria |
| What does the AV node pass depolarization to? | AV Bundle |
| The AV node has it's own ____, but is much less than SA's. | rhythm |
| If the SA node does not work, the __ node can take over as the pacemaker in many cases. | AV |
| What does the AV bundle send stimulation to? | Bundle branches |
| What electrically connects the Atria to the ventricles? | AV bundle |
| The bundle branches send stimulation to what? | perkinje fibers |
| Depolarization causes | contraction |
| repolarization causes | relaxation |
| What is heart block? | when the AV node is not working so it cannot pass on the generated charge |
| Heart block is ____ | fatal |
| What is the procedure where a machine pacemaker is threaded into the atria? | Ectopic focus |
| machine pacemakers used to be set at 80 beats per minute. What is the problem with this? | heart rate rises and falls so though 80 may be appropriate for certain times, it would not be appropriate for exercise when the heart rate should be much higher or for resting when the heart rate should be much lower.. |
| Current pacemakers will do what to your own heart's demand | adjust and regulate. |
| What is arrhythmia? | irregular heart rhythms, uncoordinated atrial and ventricular contraction |
| What is fibrillation? | rapid contractions that are usless for pumping |
| what will defibrillation do to the heart? | it will coordinate it acurately and restore contractions to normal |
| What is junctional rhythm? | its when the AV node takes over for the SA node and is the pacemaker. it's at about 40-60 beats per minute. |
| What is an EKG? | composite of all of the action potentials generated by nodal and contractile cells at a given time |
| What is the P wave of an EKG? | depolarization of the SA node |
| What is the QRS complex? | ventricular depolarization and repolarization of atria |
| What is the T wave? | ventricular repolarization |
| What is the quiescent period? | period of relaxation where both atria and ventricles are relaxed |
| Atria and ventricles cannot _____ at the same time. | contract. |
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