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Beaver Local 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the activation of a gene that results in the formation of a protein | Gene expression |
| A gene is expressed when _____________ occurs | transcription |
| Proteins can have a structural role or act as _____________ | catalysts |
| the building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| The complete genetic material contained in an individual | Genome |
| T or F: The human genome has been successfully analyzed | T |
| The Human Genome Project was completed in what year? | 2003 |
| The Human Genome Project identified approximately how many genes? | 20,000-25,000 |
| a disaccharide in cow’s milk | Lactose |
| E. coli produces ________ enzymes that control the metabolism of lactose | three |
| a DNA segment that recognizes the enzyme RNA polymerase and promotes transcription | Promoter |
| a DNA segment that serves as a binding site for an inhibitory protein that blocks transcription and prevents protein synthesis from occurring | Operator |
| Structural genes, promoter, and operator together form an _____________ | operon |
| a series of genes that code for specific products and the regulatory elements that control these genes | Operon |
| the operon that codes for the enzymes that regulate lactose metabolism | Lac operon |
| inhibits a specific gene from being expressed (stops transcription) | Repressor protein |
| stops transcription | Repressor protein |
| codes for the repressor protein | Regulator gene |
| a molecule that initiates gene expression | Inducer |
| When transcription begins, ____________ starts | activation |
| When lactose is present, it acts as an ____________ and binds to the repressor protein to remove it | inducer |
| ____________ occurs on individual chromosomes | Expression |
| uncoiled form of DNA where transcription occurs | Euchromatin |
| sections of a structural gene that do not code for amino acids and are NOT translated into proteins | Introns |
| translated into proteins | Exons |
| Eukaryotes can control gene expression by modifying ______ after transcription | RNA |
| a noncoding control sequence that facilitates transcription | Enhancer |
| Regulatory genes that determine where certain anatomical structures will develop in an organism during morphogenesis | Homeotic Genes |
| Determine the overall body organization of multicellular organisms | Homeotic Genes |
| the specific DNA sequence within a homeotic gene | Homeobox |
| ____________ regulate development by switching groups of developmental genes on or off | Proteins |
| ___________ can result in multiple appendages or appendages in the wrong places | Mutations |
| an abnormal proliferation of cells that results from uncontrolled, abnormal cell division | Tumor |
| remain within a mass, noncancerous | Benign |
| ex. Fibroid tumors | Benign |
| cancerous, uncontrolled cell division that spreads to healthy tissues | Malignant |
| The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site | Metastasis |
| a cancer that grows in skin & tissues that line the organs of the body | Carcinomas |
| a cancer that grows in bone & muscle tissue | Sarcomas |
| solid cancerous tumors that grow in tissues that form blood cells | Lymphomas |
| ____________ cells stop dividing after 20-50 divisions | Normal |
| _________ cells continue to divide even when they are crowded or unattached to other cells | Cancer |
| any substance that increases the risk of cancer | Carcinogen |
| tobacco, asbestos, ionizing radiation, x-rays, UV rays, pesticides are examples of these: | Carcinogens |
| Most carcinogens are _______________ | mutagens |
| Genes that cause cancer | Oncogenes |
Created by:
kjones0722
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