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Vocab for genetics

Genetics

QuestionAnswer
Traits Distinguishing characteristics that are inherited.
Genetics Study of biological inheritance patterns and variations in organisms
Purebred original generation
Cross the mating of two organism
Law of Segregation Mendel's first law Organisms inherit two copies of each gene one from each parent.
Gene a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein
Allele any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus.
Homozygous AA
Heterozygous Aa
Genome all of an organism's genetic material
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes
Phenotype the physical characteristics of an individual organism
Dominant the allele that is expressed when two different alleles or two dominant alleles are present
Recessive the allele that is only expressed when two copies are present
Mendel the father of genetics
Dihybrid crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits
Monohybrid crosses that examine the inheritance of only one specific traits
Hybrid heterozygous alleles are different from each other
Codominance describes two different alleles at a specific locus
Incomplete Dominance in which a heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes
Law of Independent Assortment states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis.
crossing over the exchange of chromosome segment between homologous chromosomes during prophase one of meiosis
genetic linkage genes located close together tend to be inherited together
sex-linked genes that are located on the sex chromosomes are called sex-linked genes.
carrier does not show disease symptoms but can pass on the disease-causing allele to offspring
punnent square a grid system for predicting possible genotypes of offspring
pedigree a chart that can help trace the phenotypes and genotypes
karyotype a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell.
Created by: lydiac
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