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pharm test 4
chapter 25 diuretic agents
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diuretic agents | -probably the first drug they will put you on if you are hypertensive |
| diuretic agents | -loop diuretics (strongest) -osmotic diuretics (trauma & ICU) -potassium sparing diuretics (hold on to potassium) -thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics (most prescribed for hypertensives) |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) | -acetazolamide (diamox) -methazolamide -dichlorphenamide |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors | -adjunct agents in the long term management of open angle glaucoma (used for glaucoma as a drop) **very rare to use these; it would be the last diuretic you would choose |
| carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: side effects | -metabolic acidosis -anorexia -drowsiness |
| Loop diuretics | -bumetanide (bumex) -ethacrynic acid (edecrin) -furosemide (lasix)--> STRONGEST DIURETIC (works right away; very rapidly) |
| what is the biggest drawback of loop diuretics? | -loss of potassium (can cause problems with the heart, weakness) |
| loop diuretics | used for edema associated with HF, hepatic, or renal disease **increase renal excretion of calcium in pts with hypercalcemia** |
| Osmotic diuretics | -these draw fluid back into the vascular space (if you have cerebral edema and swelling, you would give mannitol) **mannitol (osmitrol) mannitol (osmitrol) **an ICU type drug |
| Potassium sparing diuretics | -these are the weakest kind **amiloride (midamor), spironolactone (aldoctone), triamterene (dyrenium) |
| potassium sparing diuretics | one of the main side effects is hyperkalemia b/c youre hanging on to potassium |
| Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics **MOST PRESCRIBED DIURETICS FOR HTN MAINLY** | -hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, trichlorothiazide (thiazides) -chlorthalidone, metolazone, indapamide (thiazde-like) |
| when is the best time to take a diuretic | -in the morning so that you avoid interference with sleep patterns |
| Foods high in potassium include: | bananas, oranges, dates, raisins, plums, fresh vegetables, potatoes, met and fish |
| S/S of hypokalemia | muscle weakness, constipation, irregular pulse rate, and overall feeling of lethargy |
| the nurse is reviewing the medications that have been ordered for pt with a loop diuretic. the loop diuretic may have a possible interaction with which of the folowing? | NSAIDs |
| when monitoring lab results for pts receiving loop and thiazide diuretics, the nurse knows to look for | decreased serum levels of potassium |
| when the nurse is checking the lab data for a pt. taking sprironolactone (aldactone), which result would be a potential concern? | serum potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L |
| which statement should be included in pt. education for a pt. w/ HF who is taking daily doses of spironolactone (aldactone) ? | "avoid foods that are high in potassium" |
| a pt. with diabetes has a new prescription for a thiazide diuretic. which statement should the nurse include when teaching the pt. about the thiazide drug? | "monitor your BG level closely, b/c the thiazide diuretic may cause the levels to increase" |
| an elderly pt. has been discharged following treatment for a mild case of heart failure. He will be taking a loop diuretic. which instruction(s) from the nurse are appropriate? select all that apply | -"take the diuretic at the same time each morning" -"be sure to stand up slowly b/c the medicine may make you feel dizzy if you stand up quickly" -"please call your doc immediately if you notice muscle weakness or increased dizziness" |
Created by:
lissy11
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