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Bio14

QuestionAnswer
Which key features do scientists use to identify similarities and differences? Size, Banding Pattern, and Centromere Position.
Which features is the most easiest to identify two different chromosomes? Size
What are centromeres required for? For separation of chromosomes during cell division. This ensures that each daughter cell will have full sets of chromosomes.
How many centromeres does each chromosome have? 1
What are the three ways to describe centromere position? Metacentric, submetacentric, and acrocentric.
What happens in Metacentric? The centromere lies near the center of the chromosome.
What happens in Submetacentric? Centromere is off-center, so that one chromosome arm is longer than the other.
What happens in Acrocentric? Centromere resides very near one end.
What is a karyotype? Organized profile of a person's chromosomes.
How many chromosomes does a human have? 46: 22 pairs of autosomes, and 2 sex chromosomes.
What are deletion of the tips of chromosomes called? Terminal Deletions
What are internal deletions, where chromosomes have broken, lost material, and rejoined called? Interstitial Deletions
What is a translocation? When a part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to a different chromosome.
What is a reciprocal translocation? Even swap is made between two chromosomes/
What is a Robertsonian translocation? The long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes join at the centromere. The two short arms are lost.
Male to female: X+X? Normal Female
21X+21X? Normal Female
(no sex chromosome)+X? Turner Syndrome
XY+X? Klinefelter Syndrome
Y+X? Normal Male
21+21-21? Down Syndrome
Y+XX? Klinefelter Syndrome
X+(no sex chromosome)? Turner Syndrome
Created by: pedro5
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