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Genetics stuff
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do small changes in DNA affect human traits? | Can change proteins by altering amino acids. |
| What is there a direct link between? | Genotype and Phenotype |
| What are some examples of the above? | 1.People of European and African ancestry have wet earwax, the dominant form. 2.People from Asia and Native Americans have dry earwax, the recessive form. |
| The switch between what 2 bases can cause this disparity? | Guanine to Adenine |
| Thousands of genetic disorders are caused by what? | Changes in individual genes |
| What is Sickle Cell Disease caused by? | Defective allele for Beta Globin. This makes Hemoglobin less soluble, causing the molecules to stick together. They also clump into long fibers, forcing cells into a sickle shaped,hence the name. |
| What's so bad about sickle shaped cells? | They are more rigid than red blood cells, and get stuck in the capillaries.If blood stops moving, then damage is caused to the cells, organs, and tissues. |
| Among what group is Cystic Fibrosis common? | People of European ancestry. |
| What is CF caused by? | Deletion of 3 bases in CFTR, a protein. Phenylalanine is missing from the protein. This causes the protein to get folded improperly, and the protein then gets destroyed. |
| What also happens with CF? | The cell membranes are unable to transport Cl- ions, causing the tissues in the body to malfunction. |
| Is the CF allele dominant or recessive? | Recessive, duh!! |
| What is Huntington's Disease caused by? | A dominant allele found for a protein in brain cells. |
| What does the allele contain? | Long string of bases where coding for glutamine repeats more than 40 times. |
| The ________the number of codons repeat,the_______the disease appears,and the more_______its symptoms are. | Greater;earlier;severe |
| What are some ratios for Sickle Cell and CF? | 1/12 people of African ancestry have Sickle Cell, and 1/25 of European ancestry have CF. |
| What is Malaria? | It is a mosquito-borne infection caused by a parasite that lives inside RBCs. |
| What is Typhoid? | Disease caused by a bacterium which enters the body through cells in the digestive system.Protein produced by the CF allele block the entry of this bacterium. Heterozygous for CF people would have an advantage. |
| What are the effects of errors in Meiosis? | If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis, gametes with abnormal number of chromosomes may result, leading to a disorder of chromosome #s. |
| What is nondisjunction? | Where homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly. |
| What happens when chromosomes fail to separate properly? | An individual will be born with three copies of that chromosomes, called trisomy. |
| What is Turner's Syndrome? | Disease caused by nondisjunction of the X chromosomes. Women are unable to reproduce, and their sex organs don't separate properly during puberty. |
| What is Klinefelter's Syndrome? | Disease caused by inheritance of an extra X-chromosome. |
Created by:
pedro5
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