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68wm6 p2 Car Pat Can
Care of the Patient with Cancer
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the process by which normal cells transform into cancerous cells? | Carciogenesis |
| How are tumors named? | *The parent tissue *Location of the growth *Cellular makeup *Person by whom it was identified |
| What characterizes a grade 4 tumor? | Most unlike the parent tissue and therefore the most malignant |
| What is the only sure diagnostic test for tissue malignancy? | Biopsy |
| What is an incisional biopsy? | biopsy in which only a sample of the suspicious tissue is cut into |
| What is an excisional biopsy? | removing the entire lesion |
| What is a needle aspiration biopsy? | a needle is used to aspirate (draw out) fluid or tissue from a lesion or mass. |
| What 'marker' found in a blood test can indicate the presence of prostate cancer? | PSA |
| Where are radioactive isotopes and dyes cleared, and what is important to do to facilitate this? | Kidneys, proper hydration |
| What is considered to be the first and best option for management of malignant cancer? | Surgical removal |
| What may be surgically removed to help control the growth and spread of cancer made worse by hormonal stimulation? | Pituitary, adrenal glands, ovaries, or testes |
| What is the management of malignant cancer that spreads to the lymph nodes? | Radiation therapy |
| What may be done for a PT who has a tumor too large to remove safely? | Radiation may be used preoperatively to shrink the tumor |
| What form of radiation therapy allows a highly concentrated dose of radiation to be applied directly to the cancerous tissue and minimizes the radiation of healthy tissue? | Sealed Internal Radiation implant therapy (Radioactive material is placed directly inside or near tumor) |
| How long may an implant from Sealed Internal Radiation Implant Therapy be in place? | Hours to days |
| True or False: Children under 18 years of age and pregnant women are allowed to visit Sealed Internal Radiation Implant Therapy patients because the implant is sealed and secured in the tumor. | False. Children under 18 years of age and pregnant women should not be allowed to visit implant patients |
| Visitors to patients with an Sealed Internal Radiation Implant should be instructed to do what? | should stand as far away from the patient as possible and limit visit time to 10 minutes |
| What are complications related to Sealed Internal Radiation Implant Therapy? | *Bleeding *Fever *Rash *Vaginal discharge |
| How often should the position of the Sealed Internal Radiation Implant Therapy be checked? | q4h |
| What may be prescribed to a chemo patient to improve RBC production? | Erythropoietin (Epogen, Procrit) |
| What may be needed if a chemo PTs hematocrit drops below 28%? | Packed RBC? |
| What CBC deficiencies arise from chemo therapy? | *Anemia *Thrombocytopenia *Leukopenia *Neutropenia |
| Due to the risk of thrombocytopenia from chemo therapy, what must the chemo patient be instructed to avoid? | Patients should be taught to avoid activities that may cause bleeding such as stiff toothbrush, rectal suppositories, shaving with blades, potentially traumatic activity and use of aspirin |
| Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is how much of a concern? | High concern, it is an oncologic emergency |
| What does Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) result from? | rapid destruction of cancer cells |
| What does Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) cause? | a buildup of high levels of potassium, phosphate, and uric acid in the patient's bloodstream, and possibly decreased serum calcium. |
| What are early signs of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)? | *N/V/D *Anorexia *Muscle weakness and cramping |
| What are late signs of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)? | *Tetany *Seizures *Anuria *Cardiac arrest |
| What is the medical Tx of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)? | *Diuretics and Hydration to help excrete toxic substances. *Allopurinol and sodium bicarbonate to reduce uric acid crystal formation. *Kayexalate to help bind and excrete potassium. |
| If medical management fails to resolve Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), what may be done? | Dialysis |
| What cancer PTs are at more risk for Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)? | PTs on chemo and with large tumors |
| When does Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) occur? | anywhere from 24 hours to 7 days after anti-neoplastic therapy is started |
| What serum levels are altered in a PT suffering from Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)? | *Potassium *Phosphorus *Calcium *Uric acid |
| What is Leukopheresis? | (Peripheral Stem Cell Transplant) The process that results from the drug induced mobilization of bone marrow stem cells from the bone to blood circulation. |
| How long does Leukopheresis take? | 2-4 hours |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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