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CARDIAC TERMS
cardio terms -ch 26 p684-707
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME | rupture of an etheromatous plaque in a diseased coronary artery, which rapidly forms an obstructive thrombus |
| AFTERLOAD | the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle |
| APICAL IMPULSE 'point of maximum impulse' PMI | impulse normallly palpated @ 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line; caused by contraction of the left ventricle |
| Atrioventricular node AV node | secondary pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrial wall near the tricuspid valve |
| barorecepters | nerve fibers located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that are responsible for reflex control of the blood pressure |
| cardiac catheterization | in invasive procedure used to measure cardiac chamber pressures and assess patency of the coronary arteries |
| cardiac conduction system | specialized heart cells strategically located throughout the heart that are responsible for methodically generating and coordinating the transmission of electrical impulses to the myocardial cells |
| cardiac output | amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute (L/Min) |
| cardiac stress test | used to evaluate the fxn of the heart during a period of increased O2 demand |
| contractility | ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse |
| depolarization | electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell (Na+ IN / K+ OUT) |
| DIASTOLE | period of VENTRICULAR RELAXation resulting in VENTRICULAR FILLING |
| EJECTION FRACTION | % of the end-diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each beat |
| hemodynamic monitoring | use of pressure monitoring devices to directly measure cardiovascular fxn |
| hypertension | blood pressure that is persistently greater than 140/90 mmHg |
| hypotension | decrease in blood pressure to < 100/60mmHG WHICH COMPROMISES SYSTEMIC PERFUSION |
| MURMURS | sounds created by abnormal, turbulent flow of blood in the heart |
| myocardial ischemia | condition in which heart muscle cells receive less O2 than needed |
| myocardium | muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart |
| normal heart sounds | S1 = AV VALVES TRICUSPID & BICUSPID/MITRAL S2 = SEMILUNAR VALVES AORTIC / PULMONIC |
| OPENING SNAPS | abnormal DIASTOLIC sound generated during opening of RIGID AV VALVE leaflet |
| postural (orthostatic) hypotension | a signigicant drop in BP after assuming upright posture (usually 10mmHg) |
| preload | DEGREE OF STRETCH of the cardiac MUSCLE FIBERS at the END OF DIASTOLE |
| PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE | resistance to RIGHT ventricular ejection of blood |
| radioisotopes | unstable atoms that emit small amounts of energy in the form of GAMMA rays; used in cardiac nuclear med studies |
| repolarization | RETURN of the cell to a RESTING STATE, caused by re-entry of POTASSIUM (K)into cell, while SODIUM (Na) exits (K = in / Na = out) |
| S1 | first heart sound closing of AV valves tricuspid & bicuspid/MITRAL |
| S2 | second heart sound closing semilunar valves aortic / pulmonic |
| S3 | ABNORMAL HEART SOUND EARLY DIASTOLE RESISTANCE TO BLOOD ENTERING EITHER VENTRICLE most often volume overload assoc. w. heart failure |
| S4 | abnormal heart sound LATE DIASTOLE resistance to blood entering either ventricle during atrial contraction.. ~most often ventricular hypertrophy |
| sinoatrial node SA node | primary PACEMAKER of the heart, located in the right atrium |
| stroke volume | amount of blood ejected from the ventricle per beat |
| summation gallop | abnormal sound created during TACHYCARDIA by the presence of an S3/S4 |
| systemic vascular resistance | resistance to LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION |
| systole | period of VENTRICULAR CONTRACTION resulting in ejection of blodo from the ventricles into the aorta & pulmonary artery |
| systolic click | abnormal systolic sound created by the OPENING OF A CALCIFIED AORTIC or PULMONIC VALVE during ventricular contraction |
| telemetry | process of continuous electrocardiographic monitoring by the transmission of radio waves from a battery-operated transmitter worn by the patient |
| CVD | CardioVascular Disease |
| CAD | Coronary Artery Disease |
| HF | Heart Failure |
| CVA | CerebroVascular Accident-stroke |
| MEDIASTINUM | (location of heart) space between the lungs |
Created by:
rtcdavis
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