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Biology: Chapter 12
Vocabulary, Practice
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pedigree | a graphic presentation that shows patterns of inheritance in a family |
| Cystic Fibrosis | recessive disorder; defective protein in the plasma membrane causes the formation and accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs and digestive tract |
| Tay-Sachs disease | recessive disorder; central nervous system |
| Phenylketonuria (PKU) | recessive disorder; absence of an enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine; results in severe damage in the central nervous system |
| Polydactyly | dominant disorder; more than 5 fingers or toes |
| Huntingtons disease | dominant disorder; a lethal genetic disorder caused by a rare dominant allele; results in a break down of certain areas of the brain |
| Incomplete dominance | inheritance pattern where the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between those of the two homozygotes, neither allele of the pair is dominant but combine and display a new trait |
| Codominance | pattern where the phenotypes of both homozygote parents are produced in heterozygous offspring so that both alleles are equally expressed |
| Multiple Alleles | the presence of more than two alleles for a genetic trait |
| Sex-linked Inheritance | traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes (on the x chromosome) |
| Autosomes | 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes |
| Sex-chromosomes | 23rd pair of chromosomes that differ in males (XY) and females (XX) |
| Polygenic Inheritance | the inheritance pattern of a trait controlled by tow or more genes |
| Influence of the External Environment | 1. temperature 2.chemicals 3.nutrition 4.light 5.infectious agents |
| Influence of the Internal Environment | 1.sex 2.age |
| Sickle-cell Anemia | defective hemoglobin causes the red blood cells to become shaped like a sickle or half moon; people who are heterozygous for the allele produce both normal and defective hemoglobin (codominance) |
| Multiple Alleles in Humans | blood type |
| Blood Types | 3 alleles; A, B, AB, O |
| Red-Green Color Blindness | a recessive sex-linked disorder (x chromosome) |
| Hemophilia | a recessive sex-linked disorder (x chromosome) lacks an enzyme that is essential for clotting of the blood |
| Polygenic Inheritance in Humans | 1.eye color 2.skin color |
| Nondisjunction | occurs when chromosomes fail to separate during Anaphase I and II |
| Down Syndrome | Trisomy 21 (47 chromosomes) |
| Turner Syndrome | (XO) monosomy x (45 chromosomes) |
| Klinefelter Syndrome | (XXY) (47 chromosomes) |
Created by:
Devan15
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