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Bio: terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood | Medium of transport in humans and animals |
| haemolymph | blood-like nutritive fluid which fills haemocoel and surrounds all cells |
| blood plasma | main transport medium in body |
| platelets | fragments of large cells from the bone marrow |
| haemoglobin | oxygen-carrying protein pigment |
| myogenic | contraction and relaxation without need to receive stimulation by nerve impulses |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels |
| systole stage | contraction of ventricles |
| diastole stage | relaxation of ventricles |
| vasodilation | widening of blood vessels |
| thrombosis | clot formation inside an unbroken blood vessel |
| thrombus | the clot within unbroken blood vessel |
| embolus | blood clot moving in a bloodstream |
| lymphatic capillaries | blind-ended tubes located in the spaces between cells |
| oedema | condition where excessive accumulation of interstitial fluid in spaces between cells |
| lacteal | lymph capillaries that transport droplets of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins into bloodstream |
| pathogens | disease-causing microorganisms |
| immunity | body resistance to the pathogen |
| antigens | substances(usually proteins) that the immune system recognises as foreign |
| antibodies | proteins found on the surface of lymphocytes/released by lymphocytes into blood plasma |
| antigen receptor | antigen-binding site in antibody molecule |
| active immunity | body produces its own antibodies in response to stimulation by antigens |
| passive immunity | body receives antibodies from outside source |
| immunisation | process of inducing immunity by vaccination |
| lamina | broad portion in leaf |
| petiole | stalk that connects stem to blade of leaf |
| sieve tube | cylindrical column comprising long cells arranged end to end |
| translocation | transport of dissolved organic solutes in phloem |
| capillary action | result of cohesive and adhesive forces which enable water to enter and move along very narrow columns |
| anaerobes | organisms that respire anaerobically |
| fermentation | anaerobic respiration in yeast |
| trachea | network of air tubes in tracheal system |
| spiracles | tiny openings along the sides of thorax and abdomen of insects |
| carbominohaemoglobin | 23% of CO2 that binds itself to haemoglobin |
| lenticels | raised pores found on stems and roots of plants |
| metabolism | sum of all chemical reactions in the body |
| peristalsis | rhythmic contraction of muscles along the walls of alimentary canal |
| bolus | thoroughly chewed food rolled into a mass |
| chyme | contents of the stomach that became a semi-fluid |
| rumination | process of regurgitating food and rechewing it |
| iileum | major site of nutrient absorption |
| deamination | excess amino acids broken down in liver |
| haemoerrhoids | abnormally swollen veins in rectum and anus |
| chlorosis | synthesis of chlorophyll is inhibited |
| mitosis | process of nuclear division which results in formation of two genetically identical daughter nuclei |
| homologous chromosomes | two chromosomes in each pair have same structural features |
| cell cycle | the time a new cell is produced until the time a cell completes a division |
| nucleotides | basic units of nucleic acid |
| amino acids | basic units of proteins |
| anabolism | metabolic reactions that build complex molecules |
| catabolism | metabolic reaction that break down complex molecules |
| enzyme-substrate complex | substrate molecule that binds to the active site |
| denaturation | enzymes that are deformed by high temperatures |
| passive transport | no energy is used by the cell during movement of substances |
| simple diffusion | net movement of molecules or ions from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration(concentration gradient) |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of hydrophilic molecules or ions across the plasma membrane with the help of transport proteins |
| active transport | movement of molecules or ions against concentration gradient |
| haemolysis | blood cells swell up and burst due to immersion in hypotonic solution |
| crenation | blood cells shrink and shrivel due to immersion in hypertonic solution |
| plasmolysis | shrinking of cytoplasm in plant cell |
| ameboid movement | locomotion of amoeba by cytoplasmic projecttion |
| cell specialisation | change and adaptation that a cell undergoes to give it special structures and functions |
| homeostasis | maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment for the optimum functions of cells |
Created by:
ianmoone
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