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chapter 5
vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diffusion | the random movement of molecules to create equilibrium between two environments separated by a membrane |
| Equilibrium | concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane without using energy. |
| osmosis | movement of water across a membrane to create equilibrium |
| facilitated diffusion | movement of molecules to a lower concentration gradient with carrier proteins |
| concentration gradient | difference of concentration of molecules across a space |
| carrier protiens | protein that transports specific substances through a biological membrane. passive and active transport. |
| ion channel | membrane protein that provides a passage for ions through a membrane |
| hypotonic | outside concentration lower than inside concentration |
| hypertonic | higher concentration outside the membrane than inside it |
| isotonic | equilibrium |
| turgor pressure | pressure exerted by water molecules on a cell wall |
| plasmolysis | cell membranes shrink away from cell walls when turgor pressure is lost |
| cytolysis | bursting of cells in a hypotonic environment |
| Active transport | movement of molecules across the cell membrane that requires the use of energy. against concentration gradient |
| endocytosis | cell membrane bulges inward and pinches off engulfing large particles and other cells. |
| exocytosis | the joining of a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents into the outside environment |
| vesicle | membrane bound sac in eukaryotic cells that is formed in endosytosis |
| pinocytosis | endocytosis engulfing liquid |
| phagocytosis | endocytosis engulfing large particles or other cells |