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Lab 1 - Microscope

Cell Bio Lab Exam I

QuestionAnswerAnswer 2
Substage Condenser focuses the light through a hole in the stage to a transparent specimen
Iris Diaphragm where the amount of light striking the specimen can be adjusted
Objective Lenses where the light passing the specimen enters; forms an inverted, magnified image inside the body tube of the microscope
Ocular Lens where image is further magnified and seen by observer's eye; usually 10x
Magnifications of Objective lenses 4X (scanning); 10X (low power); 40X (high-dry power); and 100X (oil-immersion)
Resolution (aka resolving power) the limiting factor that determines the usefulness of the light microscope; quantified by the limit of resolution
Limit of Resolution (R) the smallest distance by which 2 neighboring points can be separated and still be seen as distinct entities; the smaller, the better
Abbes Equation R = (0.61λ) / (N.A.) R = limit of resolution λ = wavelength of light N.A. = numerical aperture
Numerical Aperture (N.A.) a measure of the cone angle of light entering the objective lens (should be as big as possible to better limit of resolution)
N.A. Calculation Equation N.A. = n sinθ n = refractive index sinθ = the sine of half the angle between the specimen and the objective lens
Refractive Index (n) determines the angle at which light is bent when it passes through that substance; can be increased by placing a drop of oil on the sample
Ocular Piece (eyepiece) Function: magnification Location: removable lens at the top of the body tube; usually 10X
Body Tube (barrel) Function: holds oculars, conducts light rays from specimen Location: main cylindrical tube
Nosepiece Function: holds objectives Location: movable, usually circular plate at bottom of body tube
Low Power Objective Function: magnification Location: short objective lens, usually magnifies 10X
High (dry) Power Objective Intermediate-sized objective lens, usually magnifies 40X to 45X
Oil Immersion Objective longest objective lens; marked with colored circle; usually magnifies 100X
Condenser Function: concentrates and directs light through specimen Location: lens system located below central stage opening
Stage Function: specimen support platform upon which slides are placed
Iris Diaphragm Function: regulates brightness or intensity of light passing through lenses Location: beneath stage in association with condenser unit, controlled with a lever
Coarse Adjustment Knob Function: used for preliminary and coarse focusing by raising or lowering the stage Location: below the stage
Fine Adjustment Knob Function: used for final or fine focusing by raising or lowering the stage; some microscopes have both coarse and fine adjustment knobs combined into one Location: generally below stage
Lamp Function: light source Location: below stage
Base Function: microscope support Location: heavy bottom portion on which instruments rests
Arm Function: microscope support Location: somewhat curved portion of the microscope used in carrying the instrument
Mechanical Stage Function: an adjuster knob moves the mechanical stage forwardand backward and side to side, to indicate position a vernier scale is present on both axes Location: the mechanism which moves the slide on the stage in the X and Y axes
Stage Clips Function: holds slide in place on the stage Location: clips mounted on the stage
Field of View the lighted circular area one sees when looking through the ocular lens
Working Distance the space between the objective lens and the slide decreases with higher power objectives
parafocal a lens that stays in focus when magnification/focal length is changed
On/off Switch Function: controls the light source in the condenser Location: generally on either the front or the side of the base
Created by: pnl16991
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