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BIO Exam 3- Ch.13
BIO Exam 3- West
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organs of Excretion | Kidneys, Skin, Liver, Lungs, Large Intestines |
| Primary Excretion organ | Kidneys |
| Allows us to receive, integrate, and react to environmental stimuli to maintain homeostasis | Nervous System Function |
| Component parts of nervous system | Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral nervous System (PNS) |
| Includes the brain and spinal cord | Central Nervous System |
| _____ sensory and motor neurons to skeletal muscles (voluntary) | Somatic |
| _____ sensory and motor neurons go to smooth muscles and glands (involuntary) | Autonomic |
| 2 parts of the brain | Subconscious and Conscious |
| Controls and channels (part of brain | Subconscious |
| Largest part of the brain | Conscious |
| Largest portion of the human brain-- communicates with, and coordinates activities of, other parts of the brain | Cerebrum |
| Divides Cerebrum into left and right cerebral hemispheres | longitudinal fissure |
| Outer part of cerebrum; consists of cerebral cortex and basal nuclei | Gray matter |
| Highly convoluted outer layer that covers cerebral hemispheres-- sensation, voluntary movement, thought process | Cerebral cortex |
| inner part of cerebrum; consists of long myelinated axons organized into tracts | white matter |
| 2 Hemispheres are connected by the _____ | corpus callosum |
| Diencephalon is made up of ____ and ____ | hypothalamus and thalamus |
| Circles the 3rd ventricle-- integrating center that helps maintain homeostasis | diencephalon |
| 2nd largest part of the brain; involved in muscle coordination, tone and maintaining posture/balance | Cerebellum |
| contains the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata; connects cerebrum with other brain parts; regulates breathing, reflex movements for head to respond to visual and auditory stimuli | brain stem |
| complex network of nuclei and fibers extending the length of the brain stem; acts as "gatekeeper" to the cerebrum; involves thalamus | reticular formation or reticular activating system |
| blends primitive emotions and higher mental functions into a united whole; composed of hippocampus and amygdala; the "emotional brain" | Limbic system |
| crucial role in learning and memory | hippocampus |
| emotional overtones to experiences | amygdala |
| the ability to hold a thought in mind or to recall events from past | Memory |
| when we retain and utilize past memories | Learning |
| memory of numbers, words, etc. | Semantic memory |
| memory of persons, events, etc | Episodic memory |
| memory involving performing motor activities-- initially conscious while learning but automatic once learned | Skill memory |
| Wernicke's area | ability to comprehend speech |
| Broca's area | ability to speak and write |
| verbal, logical, analytical, rational hemisphere-- more global | Left |
| nonverbal, visuospacial, intuitive, creative hemisphere-- more specific in approach | Right |
| records brain's electrical activity | electroencephalogram (EEG) |
| subject awake with eyes closed (wave type) | alpha waves |
| if eyes open (wave type) | beta waves |
| waves during sleep, REM | theta waves |
| deep sleep waves | delta waves |
| composed of nerves and ganglia; cranial and spinal nerves | Peripheral Nervous System |
| nerves that take impulses to and from the brain | Cranial nerves |
| nerves that take impulses to and from the spinal chord | Spinal nerves |
| includes nerves that take sensory information from external sensory receptors to the CNS and motor commands away from the CNS to the skeletal muscles. | Somatic system |
| regulates the activity of cardiac and smooth muscles and glands; involuntary | Autonomic system |
| 2 component parts of Autonomic system | Sympathetic division and parasympathetic division |
| brings about "fight or flight" responses | sympathetic division |
| brings about relaxed responses or "housekeeper system | Parasympathetic division |
| naturally occurring molecules that block neurotransmitter release or modify a neuron's response | Neuromodulators |
| the study of nervous system function | neurophysiology |
| the way drugs work in the nervous system | neuropharmacology |
| a collection of neurons that promote healthy pleasurable activities under normal circumstances, such as eating | reward circuit |
| 2 types of nervous tissue cells | neurons and neuroglia |
| transmit nerve impulses b/w parts of the nervous system | neurons |
| support, protect, and nourish neurons | neuroglia (neuroglial cells or glial cells) |
| neurons that take impulses from a sensory receptor to the CNS (afferent, At) | Sensory neurons |
| neurons that receive input from sensory neurons and then communicate w/ motor neurons (association, connector) | Interneurons |
| neurons that take nerve impulse away from the CNS to an effector that carries out responses to environmental change (efferent, "exit") | Motor neurons |
| 3 basic parts of neurons | cell body, dendrites, axon |
| contains nucleus and other organelles in a neuron | cell body |
| receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons | dendrites |
| conducts nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body | Axon |
| protective covering formed by Schwann cells containing myelin in plasma membranes | myelin sheath |
| gaps on the axon with no myelin sheath | Nodes of Ranvier (neurofibril node) |
| the nervous system uses ____ to convey info | nerve impulse |
| voltage level when an axon is not conducting an impulse | resting potential |
| a raid change in polarity across axon membrane as the nerve impulse occurs | action potential |
| ______ once threshold is reached | "all-or-none" |
| rather than moving continuously along the axon, the electrical impulse "jumps" from node to node | saltatory conduction |
| 3 Components of Spinal Chord | Central cana, grey matter, and white matter |
| part of the spinal chord that contains interneurons grouped in tracts which cross over so that left side of brain controls right side of body | White matter |
| Functions of Spinal chord | 1) provide a means of communication between the brain and the peripheral nerves that leave the chord and 2) a center for reflex actions |
Created by:
rissa92
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