Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PBHS AP Bio ch 2-5
chapter 2-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _________, _________, _________, _________ make up 96% of living matter | Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen |
| ________________ are those required by an organism in minute quantities | Trace elements |
| An ________ is the smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element | atom |
| the three subatomic particles are | protons, neutrons, electrons |
| An element’s ___________ is the number of protons in its nucleus | atomic number |
| _______________ decay spontaneously, giving off particles and energy | Radioactive isotopes |
| Some applications of radioactive isotopes in biological research are: | Dating fossils Tracing atoms through metabolic processes Diagnosing medical disorders |
| _____________ are those in the outermost shell | Valence electrons |
| A ____________ is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms | covalent bond |
| A ______________ consists of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | molecule |
| In a __________________, one atom is more electronegative, and the atoms do not share the electron equally | polar covalent bond |
| A __________ is a positively charged ion | cation |
| An ____________ is a negatively charged ion | anion |
| An __________ is an attraction between an anion and a cation | ionic bond |
| A _______________ forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom | hydrogen bond |
| ________________ are the making and breaking of chemical bonds | Chemical reactions |
| The water molecule is a _______________: The opposite ends have opposite charges | polar molecule |
| Four of water’s properties that facilitate an environment for life are: | Cohesive behavior Ability to moderate temperature Expansion upon freezing Versatility as a solvent |
| Collectively, hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together, a phenomenon called ______________ | cohesion |
| ____________ is an attraction between different substances, for example, between water and plant cell walls | adhesion |
| The __________ of a substance is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1ºC | specific heat |
| Water resists changing its temperature because of its _______________________ | high specific heat |
| A ______________ substance is one that has an affinity for water | hydrophilic |
| A _________________ substance is one that does not have an affinity for water | hydrophobic |
| _________________ refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower than 5.6 | Acid precipitation |
| ________________ is the study of compounds that contain carbon | Organic chemistry |
| With four valence electrons, carbon can form _________covalent bonds with a variety of atoms | four |
| _______________ are organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen | Hydrocarbons |
| _________________ are the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions | Functional groups |
| The seven functional groups that are most important in the chemistry of life: | Hydroxyl group Carbonyl group Carboxyl group Amino group Sulfhydryl group Phosphate group Methyl group |
| One phosphate molecule, ____________, is the primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell | adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| A _________ is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks | polymer |
| These small building-block molecules are called ______________ | monomers |
| A ________________ reaction or more specifically a _____________ reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule | condensation dehydration |
| _____________ are macromolecules that speed up the dehydration process | Enzymes |
| Polymers are disassembled to monomers by ______________, a reaction that is essentially the reverse of the dehydration reaction | hydrolysis |
| ______________ include sugars and the polymers of sugars | Carbohydrates |
| The simplest carbohydrates are _____________, or single sugars | monosaccharides |
| Carbohydrate macromolecules are ______________, polymers composed of many sugar building blocks | polysaccharides |
| __________________ is the most common monosaccharide | Glucose (C6H12O6) |
| A ______________ is formed when a dehydration reaction joins two monosaccharides This covalent bond is called a ______________ | disaccharide glycosidic linkage |
| ______________, a storage polysaccharide of plants, consists entirely of glucose monomers | starch |
| _______________is a storage polysaccharide in animals | Glycogen |
| Humans and other vertebrates store glycogen mainly in _________________ | liver and muscle cells |
| The polysaccharide ______________is a major component of the tough wall of plant cells | cellulose |
| _____________, another structural polysaccharide, is found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and also provides structural support for the cell walls of many fungi | chitin |
| _____________ are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers | lipids |
| The most biologically important lipids are ___________________ | fats, phospholipids, and steroids |
| Fats are constructed from two types of smaller molecules: _________________ | lycerol and fatty acids |
| The major function of fats is __________________ | energy storage |
| Humans and other mammals store their fat in _____________ | adipose cells |
| Adipose tissue also __________________ | cushions vital organs and insulates the body |
| The structure of _______________ results in a bilayer arrangement found in cell membranes ______________are the major component of all cell membranes | Phospholipids |
| __________ account for more than 50% of the dry mass of most cells | Proteins |
| Protein functions include __________________________ | structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances |
| __________ are a type of protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions | Enzymes |
| ______________ are organic molecules with carboxyl and amino groups ______________ differ in their properties due to differing side chains, called R groups | Amino acids |
| Alterations in pH, salt concentration, temperature, or other environmental factors can cause a protein to unravel This loss of a protein’s native structure is called ___________________ | denaturation |
| There are two types of nucleic acids: ___________________ _____________ | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
Created by:
kcshiker
Popular Biology sets