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Exam 1
Chapter 3 Macromolecules
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is ATP? | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| What is GTP? | Guanosine Triphosphate |
| Whats is GTP made of? What does it doe? | base + sugar + 3 phosphates it transfers energy and activates signal transduction |
| What is cAMP? | Cycilic Adenosine Monophosphate |
| What is cAMP made of? | base + sugar + 1 phosphate |
| What does cAMP do? | amplifys signal transduction |
| What is the monomer unit for carbohydrate? | Sugar |
| What is the monomer unit for lipids? | fatty acids |
| What is the monomer unit for proteins? | amino acids |
| What is the monomer unit for nucleic acids? | nucleotides |
| What is a monosacharide? | one sugar unit that makes a linear or ring shaped chain |
| What is a disaccharide? | two sugar unit |
| What is a polysaccharide? | many sugar units |
| What re the three polysaccharides? | cellulose, starch, glycogen |
| Where s cellulose found? | plants cell wall |
| What is used to store energy in plants? | Starch |
| What is used to store energy in animals? | Glycogen |
| What is a simple carbohydrate? | monosaccharide and disaccharide fructose, glucose, galactose |
| What is a complex carbohydrate? | polysaccharide cellulose, starch, glycogen |
| What is a chemically modified carbohydrate? | sugar phosphate, amino sugar |
| What are the 4 primary functions of carbohydrates? | 1) produce energy 2) structural components of cell wall 3) cell-cell communication 4)source of carbon |
| What is a triglyceride? | one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids |
| Enzymes perform ......to break down triglycerides | hydrolysis |
| What are the two types of fatty acids? | saturated and unsaturated |
| What are two types of unsaturated fatts? and what type of bonds do they have? | Monounsaturated=one double bond Polyunsaturated=more than one double bond |
| What the component of cell membrane? | phopholipids |
| the polar head is..... | hydrophillic |
| the fatty acid tail is..... | hydrophobic |
| What is a representative polymer of lipids? | steroid |
| What is the strucure od steroid and what does it produce? | linked carbon ring -produces, hormones, cholesterol, Vitamin D |
| What are the 7 functions of lipids? | 1)concentrated energy source 2)strucural components of cell membranes 3)carotenoids (capture light energy) 4)communication 5)metabolism 6)insulation 7)protection from water |
| What is the primary structure of protein? | chain of amino acids (amino acid, peptide bond, carboxyl terminus) |
| What are the four levels of protein structure? | 1 primary sequence 2 secondary sequence 3 tertiary sequence 4 quatermary strucure |
| What is the secondary structure of protein? | folded structure due to hydrogen bonds (coiling) |
| What are 5 components of tertiary strucure of protein? | 1) can involve hydrogen bonding 2)hydrophobic inside, hydrophillic outside 3)disulfide bridge (covalent bond) 4)Van Der Waals forces 5)Ionic bonding |
| function of protein depends on.... | strucure |
| What will denature proteins? | change in pH or charged ions |
| What structure is disrupted by dentaurization? | tertiary and secondary |
| What is the Quaternary structure? | associated of two or more protein chains |
| What protein is more effective in groups of four chains? | Hemoglobin |
| What are the 9 functions of protein? | 1. structural component of cells 2. control of metabolic reactions 3. transport, protection, movement, growth and repair, defense against disease, communication regulation, energy source |
| Amino acids have amino group, alpha carbon, and carboxylic acid. Which group differs for each amino acid? | the "r" group |
Created by:
kmjoynt
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