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Biology Exam 1
Chapter 3 Nucleic Acids
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How can bonding properties of carbon lead to a diverse array of biological molecules? | each carbon atom can make four covalent bonds -can make double bond and triple bond -carbon atoms bind to functional groups |
| Structural Isomers | have the same atoms in different bonding relationships |
| Sterioisomer | have different spatial positioning for the same bonding relationship |
| Cis-trans isomer | is a form of stereoisomerism describing the orientation of functional groups within a molecule. |
| enantiomer isomer | is a form of sterioisomer (mirror image) |
| what is dehydration synthesis? | removal of water to add monomer units |
| What is hydrolysis? | addition of OH & H groups of water to break bond of between monomer |
| What is a nucleotide? | molecules that when joined together make up the strucural unit of RNA & DNA |
| How does information flow from DNA? | at a certain point, DNA replicates -DNA transcribes RNA and RNA translates protein |
| What is a gene? | sequence of DNA that encodes for a protein |
| What is the primary strucure of DNA? | chain of nucleotides |
| What is the secondary chain of DNA? | Double-helix |
| What is the primary structure of RNA? | chain of nucleotide |
| What is the secondary structure of RNA? | single folded chain |
| What are the three parts of the nucleotide structure? | phosphate groups, 5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base |
| What is purine base? | Nitrogen base that is part of the strucure of RNA/DNA, includes adenine (A) and guanine (G) |
| What is pyramidine base? | Nitrogen base that is part of the DNA structure where DNA is cytosine and thiamine and RNA is cytosine and uracil |
| What is deoxyribose? | a five carbon sugar in DNA (OH-H) |
| What is ribose? | A five carbon sugar in RNA (OH-OH) |
| Nucleotides are joined by ......synthesis | Nucleotides are joine by dehydration synthesis |
| What is the backbone of a nucleotide chain? | sugar-phosphate backbone |
| What is the DNA structure? | two nucleotide chains in opposite direction-held together by hydrogen bonds-twisted into a helix |
| what is 5 prime and 3 prime in a DNA structure? | 5 prime =sugar 3 prime =phosphate |
| What is the base primary rule for hydrogen bonding between DNA chains? | A-T C-G |
| What is the strucure of the DNA double helix? | -two nucleotide chains held together -bases located inside -sugar phophate backbone -bases perpendicular to backbone -10 base pairs for every turn |
| What is DNA replication? | When DNA chains separate they make a new chain -one "old and one "new" |
| What is transcription? | production of RNA with DNA as a template |
| How does DNA produce RNA? | -DNA chains separate -one DNA chain is used as a pattern for RNA -RNA is released and DNA reforms double helix |
| What is the base pairing rule between DNA & RNA? | A-U T-A G-C C-G |
| What are the base pairing rules in RNA? | A-U G-C |
| What can link together in the secondary structure of RNA? | -bases in proximity -distant base sequences |
| What is the primary function of DNA | Hereditary materials, specifies protein sequences w RNA |
| What is the primary function of RNA | produces proteins |
| What is the primary function of ribozomes? | RNA catalyst |
| What is the primary function of ATP? | energy transfer |
| What is the primary function of GTP? | energy transfer and signal transduction |
| What is the secondary messenger in signal transduction? | cAMP |
| What is a phosphodiester bond? | makes up back bone of each helical strand of DNA and is the linkage between 5 prime and 3 prime |
Created by:
kmjoynt
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