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Honors bio chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Diffusion | The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to low concentration or down a Concentration Gradient without using energy |
| Concentration gradient | The difference in concentration of a substance across or throughout space |
| Equilibrium | Equal concentration of a substance throughout a space, diffusion eventually leads to this |
| Permeable | Any substance that can move across the membrane, the membrane is permeable....Depends on: Size of the molecules pH Pressure Chemical composition of moleules wanting to diffuse & the chemical make-up of the membrane |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane such as the cell membrane (a facilitated passive) |
| Hypotonic | Low solutes, high H2O compared to another area |
| Hypertonic | High solutes, low H2O compared to another area |
| Isotonic | Equal concentration of solutes and H2O compared to another area |
| Plasmolysis | Water goes out of the cells and cells shrivel |
| Cytolysis | Water moves into the cell and the cell explodes |
| Osmoregulating | A water regulating organelle |
| Contractile Vacuole | The reason aqua beasties don't explode...it acts as a water pump to remove excess water |
| Turgor Pressure | Water pressure exerted on the cell wall and membrane |
| Ion Channels | Protein controlled passages in the cell membrane for the transport of ions which are insoluble in the lipid bilayer |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Makes use of carrier proteins which "grab" molecules that are either too large to diffuse quickly enough on their own or, for molecules other than ions which are insoluble in the cell membrane and speeds their diffusion (ex: Glucose) |
| Active Transport | 1. Moves substance up or against a concentration gradient- from low to high 2. Requires cells to expend energy in the form of ATP |
| Sodium-Potassium Pump | 1. Carrier proteins grab 3 sodium ions (NA+) from inside the cell and put them out 2. Carrier protein changes shape by ATP & grabs 2 potassium ions (K+) (outside cell is +. inside cell is -) 3. Electrical gradient makes muscles contract & nerve impulse |
| Endocytosis | Process by which cells import substances across the cell membrane in pouches called vesicles- a membrane bound organelle (2 types: pinocytosis & phagocytosis) |
| Pinocytosis | "Cell drinking" when cells import solutes or fluids in vesicles |
| Phagocytosis | "Cell eating" when cells import solids or entire cells in vesicles |
| Exocytosis | When cells export substances in vesicles |
Created by:
Ouran46
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