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Erosion+deposition
Earth Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erosion | the process by which weathered rock and soil particles are moved from one place to another. Can be caused by gravity, wind, running water, glaciers, and waves. |
| Deposition | the process by which sediments are laid down in new locations. |
| Landslide | rapid, caused by an earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or the weakening of rocks due to heavy rain. Has the ability to move millions of tons at once. |
| Mudflow | rapid, caused by heavy rain, the mud moves downhill picking up more soil and becomes thicker. Can move anything in its path. |
| Slump | when a block of rock or soil on the face of a slope slips down so that its upper surface is tilted backwards. |
| Earth flow | slow, caused by heavy rains, where a mass of soil and plant life slowly slides down a slope. |
| Soil creep | slowest, caused by alternating periods of freezing and thawing, animal activity, or water movement. Particles move slowly downhill. |
| Wind | the most active agent of erosion in deserts, in plowed fields, and on beaches. |
| Wind abrasion | larger particles roll or bounce along the ground. |
| Wind deflation | fine particles are carried high up into the air. |
| Ammount of wind erosion depends on... | Size of particles, speed of wind, and length of time |
| Sand dune (definition) | a mound of sand deposited by wind |
| Sand dunes... | Protect sand on opposite side from erosion, Can very in size and shape |
| Parts of a sand dune | Windward, crest, slip face |
| Windward | The side facing the wind, gentle slope |
| Crest | The top |
| Slip face | The other side, very steep |
| Loess | very fine particles of sand and silt not deposited in dunes, instead it is blown away from where it originates, very fertile |
| Running water | the major cause of erosion. |
| Rain can... | –Evaporate –Sink into the ground –Flow over the land as runoff |
| Runoff caries... | particles of clay, sand, and gravel |
| Gullies | Tiny stream valleys, formed by gravity, erosion, and widening rilles |
| Rilles | Tiny grooves cut by sediments |
| 3 factors affecting runoff ammount | Ammount of rainfall, ammount of plant growth, Shape of the land |
| A stream forms when... | Many gullies run together |
| Large load | rolls along bottom. |
| Small load | flows with water |
| Salt load | Some is dissolved and some is carried |
| Drainage system | The network of rills, gullies, streams and rivers in an area |
| tributaries | Large streams that flow into the main river |
| Drainage basin | The area drained by a main river and its channels |
| Immature river | V-shaped, its waters flow very quickly, waterfalls are common |
| Mature river | has been forming for thousands of years, erosion has changed the valley to more of a U-shape, river has slowed down, waterfalls are mostly gone |
| Mature rivers course is... | curvy and winding, forming meanders |
| Oxbow lakes | formed when the water supply to a meander is cut off |
| Alluvial fans | when the sediments that a river carries are dropped forming a fan shape |
| Deltas | formed at the mouth of a river when sediments are dropped |
| Flood plains | the sediments that the river has deposited through time, they are very fertile |
| Levees | the build up of the larger particles of sediment along the sides of the river’s flood plain |
| Divide | The land that separates basins |
Created by:
elarocco
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