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Biology exam 1

Chapter 1

QuestionAnswer
Characteristics that distinguish living from non-living things (7) 1)organized cells 2)energy use and metabolism 3)response to change in environment 4)regulation and homeostasis 5)growth and development 6)reproduction 7)biological evolution
Rank items in the hierarchy of life from least complex to increasing complexity subatomic particles, atoms, molecules,macromolecules, organelles,cells tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
Adaption the process by which organisms adapt to changes in their environment
Cell the simplest unit of an organism
describe prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell Prokarytoic cell: archaea and bacteria, few internal membranes, no nucleus, Eukaryotic cell: (protist, fungi,animal,plants), extensive internal membranes, nucleus,
energy the ability to do worke
metabolism the sum of chemical reactions in an organism
evolution the phenomenon that populations of organisms change over many generations- some become more successful at survival and reproduction
natural selection the process that eliminates organisms less likely to survive and reproduce, while those with traits that confer greater reproductive success increase in numbers
domain highest taxonomic rank of organisms Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
the principle of emergent properties new characteristics arise out of arrangements and interactions of the components of a complex system
give an example of principle of emergent properties cell->tissue->organ->organ system ie: cells of heart vs complexity of whole heart
cell principle all living things are composed of cells and cell products- all cells come from pre-existing cells
what is the difference between hypothesis, theory, principle hypothesis- tentative answer to a well framed question theory- broad explanation that is supported by a large body of evidence principle/law- theory that has been supported over a long period of time
control control- sample is treated like experimental EXCEPT for the factor being studied
experimental experimental-sample treated to test for effect of the factor being studied
controlled experiment test one factor while all other factors are constant
identify characteristics of a good hypothesis 1)testable 2)repeatable 3)falsifiable
Biology 21 definition of hypothesis a hypothesis will have : -two measurable variables -precise relationship between them (prediction)
Hypothesis Based Science (6) -ask questions & make observations -formulate hypothesis -make predictions -test predictions by experiments -analyze experimental data -determine if data supports hypothesis
discovery based science -data collected without pre-stated hypothesis -observations are made -can lead to hypothesis
Identify & Explain two mechanisms of evolutionary change 1)Vertical Descent with Mutation 2)Natural Selection
Explain Vertical descent with mutation a mechanisms of evolutionary change -through changes in DNA, new species arise from pre-existing species
Explain Natural Selection a mechanism of evolutionary change individuals with traits hat provide an advantage in the current environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
homeostasis ability to stabilize internal conditions
example of homeostasis plants respond to sunlight by orienting themselves toward the sun to maximize photosynthesis and desert plants grow vertically to minimize water loss
Distinguish between growth and development growth:increase in size development: change in characterisics
Mitosis and example nuclear division retaining the original chromosome number example: skin cells duplicate or reproduce to heal a cut
Mieosis nuclear division reducing chromosome number, leading to sperm or eggs
genome complete genetic composition of an organism
proteome all proteins produce in a call or an organism
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid the molecule of heredity
heterotrophic organisms get their energy from another organism
autotrophic organisms use the suns energy for stability-photosynthesis
Created by: kmjoynt
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