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baker/bio/p2
bio terms
| Questions | Answers |
|---|---|
| cell theory | the theory that states all living things come from pre-existing cells. |
| cell | the basic building block of life |
| independent variable | a variable that is intentionally changed to study its effect on the dependent variable. |
| dependent variable | the event observed and expected to change when the independent variable is changed. |
| control | to verify or regulate by conducting a parallel experiment or by comparing w/ another standard. |
| hypothesis | A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be observed by further investigation. |
| constant | a variable that never changes and always stays the same. |
| multicellular | an organism that has more than one cell. |
| unicellular | an organism that only has one cell. |
| francisco reddi | italian person who found out that living things come from other livings things. he also made up the term spontaneous generation. |
| macromolecule | A molecule containing a huge number of atoms. |
| monomer | A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
| polymer | A substance that has a molecular structure built up chiefly or completely from a large number of similar units bonded together. |
| nucleic acids | A complex organic substance present in living cells, esp. DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| double helix | A pair of parallel helices intertwined about a common axis, esp. that in the structure of the DNA molecule. |
| difussion | The action of spreading the light from a light source evenly so as to reduce glare and harsh shadows. |
| osmosis | the tendency of a fluid (such as water) to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a solution where the solvent concentration is higher, thus equalizing the concentrations of materials on either side of the membrane. |
| permeable | Allowing liquids or gases to go through it. |
| semipermeable | Allowing passage of certain small molecules or ions, but acting as a barrier to others. |
| proteins | Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of one or more chains of amino acids. |
| lipids | Any of a group of organic compounds, including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in. |
| adapt | The adjustment or variation in behaviour, physiology, and structure of an organism to be more suited to an environment. |
| evolve | when an organism physically develops. |
| autotroph | an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy. |
| heterotroph | An organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
| growth | when an organism begins to develop. |
| development | when an organism begins changing for the better. |
| diploid | A cell or an organism consisting of two sets of chromosomes. mostly one from the mother and the other from the father. |
| haploid | a single set of chromosomes. |
| gamete | a reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes. |
| zygote | A diploid cell occurring from the fusion of two haploid gametes. |
| mitosis | A type of cell division that occurs in two daughter cells, each identical as the parent nucleus. |
| meiosis | A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells, each with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. |
| cytokenesis | The cytoplasmic separation of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the division into two daughter cells. |
| enzymes | A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| cellular respiration | the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic molecules. |
| ribosomes | A minute particle consisting of RNA and common proteins, found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. |
| nucleus | The middle & most important part of an object, movement, or group, forming the basis for its activity and development. |
| chloroplast | A plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | A network of membranous tubules inside the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuing with the nuclear membrane |
| vacuole | A space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, surrounded by a membrane and typically containing fluid. |
| cell wall | A non moving layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. |
| homeostasis | The tendency toward a close stable equilibrium between interdependent elements. |
| hydrophilic | Having a attitude to combine with, dissolved in, or be wetted by water. |
| hydrophobic | The fear of being combined with, dissolved in, or be wetted by water. |
| active transport | The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration |
| osmosis | A process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one. |
| chromosomes | A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells. |
| genes | physical and mental traits that are passed on from the parent to the offspring. |
| allele | One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| dominant allele | genetic trait that is most likely to pass on to the child. |
| recessive allele | genetic trait the is less likely to pass on to the child. |
| genotype | The genetic constitution of an individual organism. |
| phenotype | The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with nature. |
| homozygous | having an identical allele at the corresponding chromosome. |
| heterozygous | having a different allele at the corresponding chromosome. |
| sex-linked | concerning characteristics that are determined by genes carried on the sex chromosomes |
| transcription | the process in a cell by which genetic material is copied from a strand of DNA to a complementary strand of RNA. |
| translation | the process in the ribosomes of a cell by which a strand of messenger RNA directs the assembly of a sequence of amino acids to make a protein |
| mutation | the act or process of mutating; change; alteration |
| crossing over | a process occurring during meiosis wherein two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material. |
| fertilization | a process in sexual reproduction that involves the union of male and female gametes |
| variation | the act or process of changing |
| tropical rain forest | warm temperatures and abundant rainfall. lush thick forests. |
| grassland | warm summers w/ a dry and a rainy season. tall grasses w/ scattered trees. |
| desert | almost no rainfall. vegetation store water of have deep root system. |
| temperate forest | hot in summer and cold in winter. precipitation spaced evenly over the year. mainly deciduous trees. |
| taiga | long cold winters and coniferous trees. |
| tundra | very cold most of the year. very little precipitation. ground is completely frozen and mosses and low plants survive. |
| density dependent factor | a limiting factor on population size. |
| density independent factor | a limiting factor that doesn't depend on a population size. |
| producers | organism that gets energy from the sun. |
| primary consumers | organism that gets energy from the producers |
| secondary consumers | organism that gets energy from primary consumers |
| tertiary consumers | organism that gets energy from secondary consumers |
| predator | organism that hunts down a weaker organism |
| prey | organism that is hunted by a larger or stronger organism |
| parasitism | relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| intraspecific competition | a form of competition between members of the same species |
| interspsecific competition | a form of competition between members of different species |
| symbiosis | close + permanent relationship between organisms of different species |
| commensalism | a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other isn't affected at all |
| mutualism | a relationship in which both organisms benefit |
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Created by:
szerszen.tomek.p2
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