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ch 10 terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| virulent | disease causing |
| transformation | transfer of genetic material from one cell to one cell or one organism to another organism. |
| bacteriophages | viruses that infect bacteria. |
| nucleotide | the sub units of nucleic acid. |
| deoxyribose | the 5 carbon sugar in nucleotides. |
| nitrogenous base | a base with nitrogen and carbon atoms. |
| purines | nitrogenous bases with a double ring of nitrogen and carbon |
| pyrimidines | single ring of carbon and nitrogen. |
| base pairing rules | rules that determine which nitrogenous bases go together |
| complementary base pairs | pairs of bases that go together on nucleotides. |
| base sequence | the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA. |
| DNA replication | the process by which DNA is copied before going through mitosis or meiosis. |
| helicases | enzymes that separate DNA strands |
| replication fork | Y shaped region DNA strands separate |
| DNA polymerases | an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the DNA molecule |
| semi-conservative replication | in a double helix, one strand is from the original molecule and one is new. |
| mutation | a change in the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis |
| transcription | the process of forming a nucleic acid by using another molecule as a template; particularly the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
| translation | the portion of protein synthesis that takes place at ribosomes and that uses the codons in mRNA molecules to specify the sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains |
| protein synthesis | the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA |
| ribose | a five-carbon sugar present in RNA |
| mRNA | messenger RNA, a single-stranded RNA molecule that encodes the information to make a protein |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA, an organelle that contains most of the RNA in the cell and that is responsible for ribosome function |
| tRNA | transfer RNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein |
| RNA polymerase | an enzyme that starts (catalyzes) the formation of RNA by using a strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
| promoter | a nucleotide sequence on a DNA molecule to which an RNA polymerase molecule binds, which initiates the transcription of a specific gene |
| termination signal | a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene |
| genetic code | the rule that describes how a sequence of nucleotides, read in groups of three consecutive nucleotides (triplets) that correspond to specific amino acids, specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein |
| codon | in DNA, a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start signal or a stop signal |
| anticodon | a region of tRNA that consists of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA |
| genome | the complete genetic material contained in an individual |
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harrisa15
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