Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
(TAMUCC) Bio Ch. 8
Ch. 8- Intro. to Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| totality of an organism's chemical reactions | metabolism |
| smaler molecules are made into larger molecules; ATP required; heat is released | anabolism |
| larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules; ATP releasing; heat is released | catabolism |
| Which type of metabolism is the building up process? | anabolism type |
| Which type of metabolism is the breaking up process? | catabolism type |
| smaller molecules + ATP; larger molecules | = anabolism |
| larger molecules; smaller molecules + ATP | = catabolism |
| a series of linked reactions that begin with a specific reactant and produce an end product; each step is catalyzed by a specific________ | metabolic pathways; enzyme |
| What are the two types of metabolic pathways? | catabolic and anabolic pathways |
| releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds Ex:) cellular respiration | catabolic pathways |
| consumes energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones Ex:) photosynthesis | anabolic pathways |
| the ability to two work or bring about change | energy |
| How is energy measured? What unit of measurement is used? | measured as heat content with units of calories or joules; 1 cal, 1 joule |
| What are the two forms of energy? | kinetic and potential energy |
| energy in motion Ex:) light energy, mechanical energy, electrical, thermal | kinetic |
| energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure Ex:) chemical energy (food, gas, wood), gravitational energy | potential |
| What is the first law of thermodynamics? | (Principle of Conservation of Energy) energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another |
| What is the second law of thermodynamics? | energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of useable energy |
| Light energy from the sun is transformed from plants to ________ energy | to kinetic energy |
| When plants are eaten by animals, the chemical energy is transformed to __________ of energy | to potential of energy |
| When animals walk, move or run, the chemical energy is transformed to ____________ energy | transformed to kinetic energy |
| What is released to the environment when energy is transformed from one form to another? | ATP or heat |
| every that can do work when temp. and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell | free energy |
| If G<0, what does it mean? | -spontaneous -reactants have more free energy than the products -"downhill" reaction |
| If G>0, what does it mean? | - not spontaneous - reactants have less energy than the products - "uphill" reaction |
| proceeds with a net release of free energy and is spontaneous | exergonic reaction |
| name types of cellular work | mechanical, transport, chemical |
| a catalytic protein that speeds up chemical reactions | enzyme |
| chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by the reaction | catalyst |
| Are enzymes very specific for the reactants (substrates)? Are enzymes consumed after the reaction? | yes; no |
| name the components of an enzyme | apoenzyme and cofactor |
| protein part | apoenzyme |
| non-protein part | cofactor |
| The whole enzyme is called ______________ | holoenzyme |
| True or False. Cofactors can be inorganic or organic? | True |
| What are examples of inorganic cofactors? What are examples of organic cofactors? | Mg2 + Ca2; vitamins and coenzymes |
| The region on the enzyme where the substrate binds is called | active site |
| The reactant than an enzyme acts on is called | substrate |
| The complex that is formed when enzyme binds to its substrate | enzyme-substrate (ES) complex |
| lipids, lactose | substrate |
| lipase, lactase | enzyme |
| oxidation, reduction = | =reaction |
| oxidase, reductase = | =enzyme |
| Enzymes can lower the activation energy (EA) barrier by? | Orienting substrates correctly, straining substrates bonds, providing a favorable microenvironment, covalently bonding to the substrate |
| initial energy needed to start a chemical reaction | activation energy |
| In the induce-fit model of enzyme action, which changes in shape: the enzyme or the substrate? | enzyme |
| What chemical bonds hold the enzyme-substrate complex? | hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds |
| What are the factors that affect rate of enzyme activity? | -Temp. -pH -Concentration of enzyme -Concentration of substrate |
| What is the affect of temp. on the rate of enzyme action? | low temp- low rate of reaction increasing temp- increasing rate of reaction high temp- denatures enzyme- decreased rate of reaction |
| What is the effect of pH on the rate of enzyme action? | very low pH- denatures enzyme- low rate of reaction increasing pH- increasing rate of reaction high pH- denatures enzyme- decreased rate of reaction |
| What is the effect of enzyme concentration on the rate of enzyme action? | low enzyme conc.- low rate of reaction increased enzyme conc.- increasing rate of reaction adding more enzymes- no increase in the rate of reaction |
| What is the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme action? | increasing substrate conc.- increasing rate of reaction adding more substrate- no increase in the rate of reaction |
| two types of enzyme inhibitors | competitive and noncompetitive |
| binds to active site | competitive inhibitor |
| doesn't bind to active site | noncompetitive inhibitor |
| examples of enzyme inhibitors | toxins, poisons, pesticides, and antibiotics |
| What are two processes involved in regulation of enzyme activity? | allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition |
Created by:
lmarbach
Popular Biology sets