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Nine Weeks Exam Sci
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In a normal fault, the part of the fault that lies below the other part is called the | Footwall |
| Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called | Shearing |
| Which type of stress force produces reverse faults? | Compression |
| The land between two normal faults moves upward to form a | Fault-block mountain |
| The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under the stress and triggers an earthquake is called the | Focus |
| The type of seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and expanding the ground like an accordion are called | P Waves |
| Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move | Slower |
| Which scale would most likely be used to tell how much earthquake damage was done to homes and other buildings? | The Mercalli scale |
| What does a seismograph record? | The ground movements caused by seismic waves |
| What can cause damage days or months after an earthquake? | An aftershock |
| If the Coast Guard warns of a giant wave approaching the shore as a result of a major earthquake, they are warning of | A tsunami |
| What monitors both vertical and horizontal movements along a fault? | GPS satellite system |
| Geologists know that wherever plate movement stores energy in the rock along faults | Earthquakes are likely |
| The risk of earthquakes is high along the Pacific coast of the United States because | That's where the Pacific and North American plates meet. |
| A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume is called | Stress |
| In what direction do seismic waves carry the energy of an earthquake? | Away from the focus |
| The rating system that estimates the total energy released by an earthquake is called the | Moment magnitude scale |
| Geologists cannot yet predict earthquakes because | They can't be sure when and where stress will be released along a fault |
| The atmosphere is | The layer of gases that surrounds Earth |
| The two most abundant gases in the atmosphere are | Nitrogen and oxygen |
| What percent of our atmosphere is made up of gases other than oxygen and nitrogen? | 1% |
| Ozone is | A form of oxygen with three oxygen atoms in each molecule |
| Earth's atmosphere is important to living things because it | Provides all the gases that living things need to survive |
| Earth's atmosphere traps energy from the sun, which | Allows water to exist as a liquid |
| Air has pressure because | Air has mass |
| Density can be determines using the formula | Density = mass/volume |
| The less mass in a given volume of air, the | Less dense the air |
| As you rise upwards in the atmosphere, air pressure | Decreases |
| When climbing a high mountain, you get out of breath easily because | There is less oxygen in each cubic meter of air |
| The layers of the atmosphere are the classified according to changes in | Temperature |
| From Earth to space, the main layers in our atmosphere are: | Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere |
| The layer of our atmosphere in which weather occurs in the | Troposphere |
| Radio waves are reflected back to Earth by particles in the | Ionsphere |
| What is the first layer of atmosphere an astronaut passes through during reentry from space? | Exosphere |
| Volcanic belts form along | The boundaries of Earth's plates |
| The viscosity of magma depends upon its silica content and its | Temperature |
| If volcano's magma is high in silica, the volcano will probably | Erupt explosively |
| In volcanic areas, groundwater heated by m agma is a source of | Geothermal energy |
| Which type of rock would you expect to form as the result of an explosive eruption? | Pumice |
| The volcanoes along converging oceanic plate boundaries may form | An island arc |
| If geologists detect many small earthquakes in the area near a volcano, what can they infer about the volcano? | It is probably about to erupt |
| Several kilometer from a volcano, a geologist observes an old lava flow made up of dark-colored basalt rock. The geologist infers that the lava must have had | Low viscosity |
| What provides the force that causes magma to erupt to the surface? | Dissolved gases trapped in the magma. |
| What helps to determine how easily magma flows? | The amount of silica in the magma |
| Wavelengths that are a little bit shorter than visible light are | Ultraviolet |
| Most if Earth's incoming ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by | Ozone |
| Most of the energy that heats Earth's atmosphere is | Infrared radiation |
| The greenhouse effect is | The process by which gases hold heat in the atmosphere |
| the total energy of motion in the particles of a substance is called | Thermal energy |
| The freezing point of pure water on the Celsius scale is | 0 degree Celsius |
| heat transfer between two substances that are in contact is called | Conduction |
| heat from the sun reaches you by | Radiation |
| Convection takes place because | Cold air is more dense than warm air |
| Winds are caused by differences in | Air pressure |
| Cool air tends to | Be more dense and flow under warm air |
| Wind speed is measured by a(n) | Anemometer |
| Local winds differ from global winds because they | Are caused by unequal heating within a small area |
| Land breezes occur because | Land cools off faster than water |
| Earth's rotation makes global winds curve. This is called the | Coriolis effect |
| Relative humidity can be measured with a(n) | Psychometric |
| Two conditions are required for cloud formation: cooling of the air and | The pressure of particles in the air |
| Large clouds that often produce thunderstorms are called | Cumulonimbus clouds |
| Very high feathery clouds are called | Cirrus clouds |
| Layered clouds that often cover much of the sky and are a dull gray color are called | Stratus clouds |
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TaccyTricia
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