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Unit 3 E.S. Vocab
Water and Air Pollution Chapters 11 & 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organisms that cause illness or disease | pathogens |
| fresh water on Earth's land surface | surface water |
| a flowing network of water formed by streams and rivers | river system |
| the area of land that is drained by a river | watershed |
| water beneath the Earth's surface in sediment and rock formations | groundwater |
| an underground fromation that contains groundwater | aquifer |
| dealing with water that is safe to drink | potable |
| a structure built across a river to control the river's flow | dam |
| the artificial lake that is formed when a river has been dammed | reservoir |
| the process of removing salt from salt water | desalination |
| an underground layer of water and permeable rock where water can be extracted using a well | aquifers |
| occurs when the space between soil particles are completely filled with water | saturation |
| a liquid that dissolves a solute such as salt | solvent |
| when a system is maintained at consistent internal environmental conditions | homeostasis |
| a property of water that causes it to stick to other surfaces and allows things to float due to hydrogen bonding | surface tension |
| any single identifiable source of pollution from which pollutants are discharged, such as a pipe, ditch, ship or factory smokestack | point source pollution |
| water pollution that enters a body of water from undefined sources | nonpoint source pollution |
| federal law that regulates and governs water pollution | Clean Water Act |
| an outflow of pollution into a body of water | effluent |
| when rainwater runs over roads and driveways within a city, picking up toxic substances and eventually running into a body of water | urban runoff |
| water, phosphorus, carbon and nitrogen cycles | abiotic cycles |
| a necessary component of life and is cycled through the environment via the phosphorous cycle | phosphorus |
| capacity for survival | viability |
| the biogeochemical cycle in which carbon is exchanged between the different spheres on Earth | carbon cycle |
| deliberately manipulating Earth's climate in order to combat the effects of global warming | geoengineering |
| organisms that live in the water | hydrobiont |
| microscopic and near-microscopic organisms that live in bodies of water | rotifers |
| the lowest portion of the Earth's atmosphere | troposphere |
| the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere just above the troposphere | stratosphere |
| the layer of the Earth's atmosphere directly above the stratosphere | mesosphere |
| the largest layer of the atmosphere above the mesosphere | thermosphere |
| the uppermost layer of the atmosphere | exosphere |
| the result of harmful substances building up in the air to unhealthy levels | air pollution |
| small particles that are suspended within the atmosphere | particulates |
| substances that cause air pollution | air pollutants |
| a pollutant that is directly put inot the air by human activity | primary pollutants |
| occur when primary pollutants react with other primary pollutants or with naturally occuring substances such as water vapor | secondary pollutant |
| occurs when air pollution hangs over urban areas and reduces visibility | smog |
| occurs when the air above is warmer than the air below, trapping pollutants near the earth's surface | temperature inversion |
| occurs in buildings that have very poor air quality | sick-building syndrome |
| several minerals that form in long, thin fibers and that are valued for their strength and resistence to heat, primarily used as an insulator and fire retardant | asbestos |
| the unit of measure used to gage the intensity of sound | decibel |
| precipitation such as rain, sleet, or snow that contains a high concentration of acids | acid precipitation |
| the power of hydrogen, a number used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is | pH |
| a sudden influx of acidic water in an aquatic ecosystem that causes a rapid change in the water's pH, may kill large numbers of fish and affect reproduction of fish and amphibians | acid shock |
| atmospheric gas | ozone |
| layer of Earth's atmosphere that contains high amounts of ozone, located about 5 to 30 miles above the Earth's surface within the stratosphere | ozone layer |
| a form of energy that can cause mutations resulting in cancer | radiation |
| a type of radiation emitted from the sun that can be beneficial and damaging to humans | UVB |
| a substance that destroys ozone | ozone depleting substances (ODS) |
| used as coolants, solvents and propellants | chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
| an ozone depleting substance that is used to extinguish fires | Halon |
| a colorless gas produced by decomposing landfill waste and animal food digestion | methane |
| a colorless and odorless gas produced from the decay of radium | radon |
| the lowering of the pH of the ocean caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide | ocean acidification |
| the process of removing small solid particles, like dust, from air | particulate control |
| devices that use a liquid spray to remove pollutants from the air | scrubbers |
| energy obtained from the spinning of wind turbines that is converted to usable forms | wind power |
| energy obtained from the interaction of sunlight with photovoltaic cells | solar power |
| energy obtained from heat stored in the earth that is converted to a usable form | geothermal power |
Created by:
greg.simmons24
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