The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food

The main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts.

A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.

A colored chemical compound that absorbs light. Chlorophyll is the major one in plants although there are others.

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases can move.

An organism that makes its own food.

An organism that cannot make its own food.

The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. Most common form uses oxygen.

Type of sugar produced by photosynthesizing plants

The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen. (Anaerobic respiration)

The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.

The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division, mitosis, occurs. Cells spend more time in this stage than in any other stage.

The ﬁnal stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.

The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.

The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus.

A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information.

The first phase of mitosis. Chromatin condense to form chromosomes, spindle fibers begin forming, nuclear envelope breaks down, nucleolus disappears.

The second phase of mitosis. The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell, each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere.

The third phase of mitosis. The centromeres split causing the chromatids to separate and form two chromosomes, the two chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell, cells becomes elongated.

The fourth and final phase of mitosis. The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance, a new nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes.

A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.

A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.

A change in a gene or chromosome.

The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer.

A method used to treat cancer using beams of high-energy waves. Fast-growing cancer cells are more likely than normal cells to be destroyed by radiation.

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Unit 2 Cell Processe

Question	Answer
photosynthesis	The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food
chlorophyll	The main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts.
chloroplast	A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.
pigment	A colored chemical compound that absorbs light. Chlorophyll is the major one in plants although there are others.
stomata	Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases can move.
autotroph	An organism that makes its own food.
heterotroph	An organism that cannot make its own food.
respiration	The process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain. Most common form uses oxygen.
glucose	Type of sugar produced by photosynthesizing plants
fermentation	The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen. (Anaerobic respiration)
cell cycle	The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.
interphase	The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division, mitosis, occurs. Cells spend more time in this stage than in any other stage.
cytokinesis	The ﬁnal stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
mitosis	The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell.
replication	The process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus.
chromosome	A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information.
prophase	The first phase of mitosis. Chromatin condense to form chromosomes, spindle fibers begin forming, nuclear envelope breaks down, nucleolus disappears.
metaphase	The second phase of mitosis. The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell, each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber at its centromere.
anaphase	The third phase of mitosis. The centromeres split causing the chromatids to separate and form two chromosomes, the two chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell, cells becomes elongated.
telophase	The fourth and final phase of mitosis. The chromosomes begin to stretch out and lose their rodlike appearance, a new nuclear envelope forms around each region of chromosomes.
cancer	A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them.
tumor	A mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
mutation	A change in a gene or chromosome.
chemotherapy	The use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer.
radiation	A method used to treat cancer using beams of high-energy waves. Fast-growing cancer cells are more likely than normal cells to be destroyed by radiation.

Created by: ogdenp@avoca37.org

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