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meiosis

QuestionAnswer
In sexual reproduction, two parents give rise to an offspring with an unique gene combination from either of them
gene a discrete unit of information on the DNA that codes for one protein, perhaps one of the many enzymes needed by our bodies.
Somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes; one set from each parent.
our somatic cells have 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs.
homologous chromosomesThe two chromosomes in each pair are referred to as being homologous chromosomes
The two chromosomes of each pair carry genes for the same trait (for example, eye color)
sex chromosomes the X and Y chromosomes
Although these chromosomes pair with each other, they are not the same size.
The X-chromosome is longer and has genes for many traits with no match on the Y-chromosome
A person with XX would be female and someone with XY would be male (although, that’s not true of all other organisms).
All the other chromosomes are called autosomes.
Somatic cells have two sets of autosomes (however many pairs that is) and one pair of sex chromosomes
sex chromosomes are called diploid or 2n cells
humans would have 44 + XX or 44 + XY chromosomes
fruit flies would have 6 + XX or 6 + XY
Gametes or sex cells (eggs from female and sperm from male) have one chromosome from each autosome pair and one sex chromosome
one set of chromosomes haploid
Human eggs would have 22 + X chromosomes
human sperm would have 22 + X or 22 + Y
Similarly, fruit fly eggs would have 4 + X chromsomes and their sperm would have 3 + X or 3 + Y chromosomes
Meiosis a special type of cell division that produces gametes with half as many chromosomes
The opposite process would be syngamy or fertilization
syngamy or fertilization the union of the egg and sperm to restore the 2n number
zygote the first cell formed by fertilization
^continued a completely new and different organism with unique genetic information different from either parent.
The zygote divides and grows to form an embryo which developes into a young organism, then an adult.
Created by: swimmorgan15
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