biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA

DNA replication begins with

the "unzipping" of the parent molecule as the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs are broken.

the sequence of bases on each of the separated strands serves as a template to guide the insertion of a complementary set of bases on the strand being synthesized.

Each incoming nucleotide is covalently linked to

the "free" 3' carbon atom on the pentose (figure) as

The nucleotides are assembled in the order that complements the order of

bases on the strand serving as the template.

Thus each C on the template guides the insertion of

a G on the new strand, each G a C, and so on.

When the process is complete

two DNA molecules have been formed identical to each other and to the parent molecule.

A molecule of a DNA polymerase binds to

one strand of the DNA and begins moving along it in the 3' to 5' direction, using it as a template for assembling a leading strand of nucleotides and reforming a double helix.

Because DNA synthesis can only occur 5' to 3'

a molecule of a second type of DNA polymerase (epsilon, ε, in eukaryotes) binds to the other template strand as the double helix opens.

then stitches these together into the lagging strand

When the replication process is complete

two DNA molecules — identical to each other and identical to the original — have been produced

Each strand of the original molecule has

remained intact as it served as the template for the synthesis of

This mode of replication is described as semi-conservative:

one-half of each new molecule of DNA is old; one-half new.

Watson and Crick had suggested that

this was the way the DNA would turn out to be replicated.

DNA replication begins at

a single, fixed location in this molecule, the replication origin, proceeds at about 1000 nucleotides per second, and thus is done in no more than 40 minutes.

And thanks to the precision of the process (which includes a "proof-reading" function),

the job is done with only about one incorrect nucleotide for every 109 nucleotides inserted.

the E. coli genome (4.7 x 106) is copied without error!

The average human chromosome contains

150 x 106 nucleotide pairs which are copied at about 50 base pairs per second.

The process would take

a month (rather than the hour it actually does) but for the fact that there are many places on the eukaryotic chromosome where replication can begin.

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dna repp

Question	Answer
dna replication	biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA
DNA replication begins with	the "unzipping" of the parent molecule as the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs are broken.
Once exposed	the sequence of bases on each of the separated strands serves as a template to guide the insertion of a complementary set of bases on the strand being synthesized.
The new strands are assembled from	deoxynucleoside triphosphates.
Each incoming nucleotide is covalently linked to	the "free" 3' carbon atom on the pentose (figure) as
the second and third phosphates are removed together as a molecule of	pyrophosphate (PPi).
The nucleotides are assembled in the order that complements the order of	bases on the strand serving as the template.
Thus each C on the template guides the insertion of	a G on the new strand, each G a C, and so on.
When the process is complete	two DNA molecules have been formed identical to each other and to the parent molecule.
A portion of the double helix is unwound by a	helicase.
A molecule of a DNA polymerase binds to	one strand of the DNA and begins moving along it in the 3' to 5' direction, using it as a template for assembling a leading strand of nucleotides and reforming a double helix.
Because DNA synthesis can only occur 5' to 3'	a molecule of a second type of DNA polymerase (epsilon, ε, in eukaryotes) binds to the other template strand as the double helix opens.
DNA ligase I	then stitches these together into the lagging strand
When the replication process is complete	two DNA molecules — identical to each other and identical to the original — have been produced
Each strand of the original molecule has	remained intact as it served as the template for the synthesis of
Each strand of the original molecule has	a complementary strand.
This mode of replication is described as semi-conservative:	one-half of each new molecule of DNA is old; one-half new.
Watson and Crick had suggested that	this was the way the DNA would turn out to be replicated.
The single molecule of DNA that is the E. coli genome contains	4.7 x 106 nucleotide pairs.
DNA replication begins at	a single, fixed location in this molecule, the replication origin, proceeds at about 1000 nucleotides per second, and thus is done in no more than 40 minutes.
And thanks to the precision of the process (which includes a "proof-reading" function),	the job is done with only about one incorrect nucleotide for every 109 nucleotides inserted.
more often than not,	the E. coli genome (4.7 x 106) is copied without error!
The average human chromosome contains	150 x 106 nucleotide pairs which are copied at about 50 base pairs per second.
The process would take	a month (rather than the hour it actually does) but for the fact that there are many places on the eukaryotic chromosome where replication can begin.

Created by: swimmorgan15

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