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Biology: Chapter 11
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of DNA? | molecule of heredity |
| What is the structure of DNA? | nucleotide |
| What is the definition of Nucleotide? | a subunit of DNA |
| What is the structure of a Nucleotide? | -deoxyribose -phosphate group -nitrogen base |
| What are the four nitrogen bases? | adenine and guanine= purines(double-ring) cytosine and thymine= pyrimidines(single-ring) |
| What is the definition of a double helix? | twisted ladder |
| What is the structure of a double helix? | sides: alternating phosphate groups and sugar molecules rungs: nitrogen base pairs held together by hydrogen bonds |
| What are the functions of DNA? | - to copy itself exactly for new cells - to store and use information to direct the activities of the cell (protein synthesis) |
| What is the definition of DNA Replication? | process by which DNA copies itself |
| What is the result of DNA Replication? | 2 new DNA molecules which contain 1 original strand of DNA and 1 complementary strand of DNA |
| What are three differences between RNA and DNA? | RNA has ribose, DNA has deoxyribose RNA is single stranded, DNA is double stranded RNA uses Uracil instead of thymine, DNA uses thymine |
| What is the definition of Messenger RNA (mRNA)? | carries the information for making a protein from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes |
| What is the definition of Transfer RNA (tRNA)? | picks up individual amino acids in the cytoplasm and carries them to the ribosomes |
| What is the definition of Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)? | manages the infection between mRNA and tRNA. |
| What is the definition of Transcription? | process in which RNA is made from DNA |
| What is the definition of Protein Synthesis? | process by which proteins are made from amino acids. (takes place on the ribosomes) |
| What is the definition of Genetic Code? | sequence of nitrogen bases that enables mRNA to collect amino acids in the correct sequence |
| What is the definition of codon? | a specific group of three sequential nitrogen bases representing a specific amino acid |
| What is the definition of Translation? | process where the sequence of codons in mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. (original code of DNA is translated) |
| What is the definition of Polypeptide? | chain of amino acids |
| What is the definition of protein? | one or more polypeptides |
| what is the definition of gene? | region of DNA whose final product is either a polypeptide (mRNA) or an RNA molecule (tRNA or rRNA) |
| What is the definition of Mutation? | any mistake or change in the DNA |
| What is the definition of point mutation? | a change in a single base pair in DNA |
| What is the definition of frameshift mutation? | a mutation in which a single base is added or deleted from DNA |
| What is the definition of chromosomal mutation? | changes in chromosomes (structure or number) |
| Deletion | part of a chromosome breaks off |
| Insertion | part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches its sister chromatid |
| Inversion | part of a chromosome breaks off and is reinserted backwards |
| Translocation | part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome |
Created by:
Devan15
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