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BeaverLocal 10

QuestionAnswer
Phosphate group + Nitrogen-containing base + Sugar (deoxyribose) = _______ Structure of DNA
Deoxyribose sugar
a phosphorus atom surrounded by oxygen atoms Phosphate Group
contains a nitrogen atom Nitrogen-containing base
Adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) the 4 nitrogen-containing bases found in DNA nucleotides
Bases that have 2 rings of carbon & nitrogen atoms PURINES
Bases that includes adenine and guanine PURINES
bases that have 1 ring of carbon & nitrogen atoms PYRIMIDINES
Bases that includes thymine and cytosine PYRIMIDINES
DNA is composed of 2 nucleotide chains wrapping around each other to form a double spiral known as a _________ _________ Double helix
Who discovered the double helix? Watson and Crick
Who photographs DNA crystals with via an x-ray? Franklin and Wilkins
Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their work on DNA? Watson, Crick, & Maurice
Cytosine pairs with Guanine Complementary Base Pairs
Adenine pairs with Thymine Complementary Base Pairs
describe the pairing behavior of the bases (C-G and A-T) Base-pairing rules
What type of bonds connect base pairs? Hydrogen Bonds
What base pair forms three Hydrogen bonds? C-G (hint: both C and G rhyme with Three)
What base pair forms two Hydrogen bonds? A-T
the process of copying the DNA of a cell Replication
the point at which the 2 chains separate Replication fork
enzymes that separate the chains by breaking Hydrogen bonds Helicases
bind to the separated chains of DNA and help to assemble the new strands DNA polymerases
T or F: Replication is very accurate. True: 1 error in every 10,000 paired nucleotides
a change in the nucleotide sequence at even 1 location Mutation
What can be damaged by chemicals, pesticides, UV radiation from the sun, etc? DNA
Ribose + nitrogen-containing pyrimidine base = _________________ Structure of RNA
nitrogen-containing pyrimidine base (replaces thymine) Uracil
________ pairs with adenine in RNA Uracil
consists of RNA nucleotides in the form of a single uncoiled chain Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytosol Messenger RNA (mRNA)
consists of a single chain of about 80 RNA nucleotides in a hairpin shape Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Binds to specific amino acids Transfer RNA (tRNA)
most abundant form of RNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Consists of globular RNA nucleotides Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Makes up the ribosomes where proteins are made Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
the process by which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA Transcription
what binds to the promoter of a specific gene? RNA polymerase
A complimentary copy of the DNA base sequence is made during _________________ Transcription
the primary transcription enzyme RNA polymerase
Synthesizes RNA copies of specific sequences of DNA RNA polymerase
specific regions of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to Promoters
Marks the beginning of a single gene Promoters
T or F: When RNA polymerase binds to DNA, the DNA separates and one side acts as a template True
a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene Termination signal
Where does RNA polymerase releases the DNA and the newly formed RNA molecule? Termination signal
the different types of RNA molecules Transcripts
Instructions for making a ________ are copied from DNA to mRNA Protein
the production of proteins Protein synthesis
The amount and kind of proteins produced in a cell determine the ___________ and ________________ of the cell structure; function
the correlation between the nucleotide sequence and an amino-acid sequence Genetic code
each combination of 3 mRNA nucleotides Codon
engages a ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule Start codon (AUG)
Start codon AUG
cause the ribosome to stop translating Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA)
The 3 Stop codons UAA; UAG; UGA
the process of assembling polypeptides from information encoded in mRNA Translation
Begins when mRNA leaves the nucleus through pores in the nuclear membrane Translation
mRNA migrates to a ribosome in the cytosol during this: Translation
a region of tRNA consisting of three bases complementary to the codon of mRNA Anticodon
Amino acids floating freely in the cytosol are transported to the ribosomes by _______ molecules tRNA
Ribosomes have ______ binding sites that are important to translation THREE
Protein assembly begins when a ribosome attaches to the start codon (AUG) on an ______ transcript mRNA
As a ribosome moves along an mRNA transcript, each mRNA codon is paired with its tRNA _____________ anticodon
What type of RNA carries hereditary information from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of translation in the ribosomes? mRNA
What type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly into proteins? tRNA
What becomes part of the ribosomes where translation occurs? rRNA
Who's images suggest that DNA molecules resemble a tightly coiled spring? Franklin
The information on a DNA molecule is "rewritten" into an mRNA molecule during what? transcription
What signifies either a specific amino acid or a stop signal? Codon
What contains the unique combinations of characteristics of organisms? DNA
What stores and transmits geneic information? DNA
Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of ___________________ Nucleotides
Deoxyribose + phosphate + Nitrogen base = ___________ DNA
Created by: kjones0722
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