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pediatrics ch 11
the preschool child
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Preoperational Thinking | Implies that children cannot think in terms of operations, or the ability to logically manipulate objects in relation to each other; they base their reasoning on what they see and hear, and believe they have magical powers |
| Egocentrism | A type of thinking in which children have difficulty seeing any point of view other than their own; Children’s knowledge and understanding are restricted to their own limited experiences, and as a result, misconceptions arise |
| Animism | A tendency to attribute life to inanimate objects |
| Centering | The tendency to concentrate on a single outstanding characteristic of an object while excluding its other features |
| Artificialism | The idea that the world and everything in it is created by human beings |
| Discipline | includes all methods that are used to change behavior |
| Punishment | is a very specific procedure that is used to decrease behavior that will be described under basic principles |
| Consistency and Modeling | children identify and imitate adult behavior, both verbal and nonverbal |
| Four methods to reduce jealousy include | prepare the child for arrival of infant; let them have feeling of helping; inflate their ego, attend to older child’s needs first |
| Thumb Sucking | An instinctual behavioral pattern that can be considered normal; It is often used as a comforting measure and does not necessarily mean the child is insecure |
| Thumb sucking and teeth | does not have a detrimental effect on the teeth as long as the habit is discontinued before the second teeth have erupted; most children stop by school age. |
| Primary enuresis | refers to bedwetting in the child who has never been dry |
| Secondary enuresis | refers to a recurrence of bedwetting in a child who has been dry for a period of 1 year or more |
| What may be cause of sudden onset of secondary enuresis? | psychological stress, such as a death in the family or divorce. |
| Treatment and nursing care of enuresis | A detailed history is obtained; identify medications taken; review developmental landmarks; education of the family is extremely crucial to prevent secondary emotional problems |
| Child care guidelines | CPR trained; ratio; prepared in early childhood education; adequate physical facilities; cost; child readiness; talk to person in charge and other parents |
| Value of Play | important to both the well and the sick child’s physical, mental, emotional, and social development |
| Value of play in a hospital visit | Preschool children may be unfamiliar with every facet of the hospital, but they know how to play, and playing is a good way for the nurse to establish rapport with them |
| Art therapy | Assists children to express their feelings through drawings, clay, and other media |
| Accidents | major threat in ages 3-5; enforce use of car seats and booster seats; teach safe areas for tricycle riding |
Created by:
laotracuata
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