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Chp. 7

key terms

QuestionAnswer
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) the molecule of heredity, common to all life forms, that is passed from parents to offspring.
Chromosome a single, large DNA molecule wrapped around proteins; are usually located in the nuclei of most eukaryotic cells.
Nucleotides the building blocks of DNA; each consists of a sugar, a phosphate, & a base. The sequence along a DNA strand is unique to each person. (As, Cs, Gs, Ts)
Double Helix the spiral structure formed by two strands of DNA nucleotides bound together.
DNA Profile a visual representation of a person’s unique DNA sequence.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) a laboratory technique used to replicate and thus amplify, a specific DNA segment.
DNA Replication the natural process by which cells make an identical copy of a DNA molecule.
Complementary Two strands of DNA are said to be complementary in that A always pairs with T, and G always pairs with C.
DNA Polymerase an enzyme that “reads” the sequence of a DNA strand and helps to add complementary nucleotides to form a new strand during DNA replication.
Semi-Conservative DNA replication is said to be semi-conservative because each newly made DNA molecule has one original and one new strand of DNA.
Genome one complete set of genetic instructions encoded in the DNA of an organism.
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) sections of a chromosome in which DNA sequences are repeated.
Coding Regions sequences of DNA the serve as instructions for making proteins.
Non-Coding Regions DNA sequences that do not hold instructions to make proteins.
Gel Electrophoresis a laboratory technique that separates fragments of DNA by size.
Created by: kbtwomey
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